tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-38448484803355030512024-02-21T08:42:22.161+01:00El laboratorio de Física y QuímicaMiguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.comBlogger154125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-50314832500832170432022-12-22T16:56:00.001+01:002022-12-22T16:58:40.239+01:00Juego identificación química <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://es.educaplay.com/juego/13702855-enlaces_y_compuestos_binarios.html" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="500" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYG4xipgrFdkd219PyqBUiDVusx_WSZ-iJmQCrTtzIxtmZw2kE7WGT-j7M9qCISHhI6GcGV7ztMe2k35LPdKyUI7IwWdjvmROopmFjbcRZpcMjciNf6HRYPQthrWm5nP0lBTtQwRfdwpuh1PQYZIsGamjK6wAqyKbJstwqcdWvaJTQM1OjXAR9dZaB0A/s320/tumblr_nng0f7bdvP1s4fz4bo1_500.gif" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-72426459035647160752022-12-14T20:37:00.004+01:002022-12-22T17:02:14.718+01:00Formulación divertida (FLASHCARD)<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDS6geaIBiaIjOnDDyHbokR3vWpeFkm7pZSit0Lr_WFMJAKPjfjxXHY8ywfvc0ZtVK0bkSPrSdVB3-HaX_HBc2VY1PfzB_kZyCTUxfP6o8Bkx9JHI9MFoCni01oSVSyVvQfj9wGc5eKKFFNho_-mTLHv0WM3-1PbEg9p-7pUkbqsaRUaP9WiId_yjl-A/s1440/el%20laboratorio%20de%20FYQ.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="810" data-original-width="1440" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDS6geaIBiaIjOnDDyHbokR3vWpeFkm7pZSit0Lr_WFMJAKPjfjxXHY8ywfvc0ZtVK0bkSPrSdVB3-HaX_HBc2VY1PfzB_kZyCTUxfP6o8Bkx9JHI9MFoCni01oSVSyVvQfj9wGc5eKKFFNho_-mTLHv0WM3-1PbEg9p-7pUkbqsaRUaP9WiId_yjl-A/s320/el%20laboratorio%20de%20FYQ.gif" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxVJ4H6x3FcDftOUivi82JCEMfp_DriY2nlmEN3mzNgzK7bo_yFQ2wQNtNJfxkcl8y0wY0Ubho5vqlCIPMfQw' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzeBevNZtBDsYMmvRzky2Dv6wKzYKQa2hIncNWqizOG9l0QqKYGM81YgsZUEPtKX6KnlVRCbcHoYIK2dGTb4g' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwIjbmJaMZe4o00lGidRZBGu3-IAa7Fm5JYL_rbXe9P23rjXxpwX6m9UiWK2HQ1__ejFLJDebiL7xNSaJtWmQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxdRsSjtqEIPT-HEgd0_97Qs7tsq0QTIyo7O2YCJY7uX83bvcb63nioHT0vcAXJ82JV8qrNZYKIteyRLmxakQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br />Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-28538909517964806852022-10-26T23:10:00.018+02:002022-11-29T16:59:24.328+01:00Déterminer la composition de l'atome (AZN) / Determinar la composición de un átomo: de la notación AZN al MODELO DE CAPAS (formación de iones)<p> </p><p><span style="background-color: #2b00fe; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: white;">A </span></span><b><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;">SCHÉMA D'UN ATOME</span></b></p><p><b><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><p><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Vous souvenez-vous des modèles atomiques?</b></span></p><p><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><b></b></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><b><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/L2xA0FDpnzw" width="320" youtube-src-id="L2xA0FDpnzw"></iframe></b></span></div><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><b><br /><br /></b></span><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCnqHCMmxbeWz7EtwgkWYOPznMDBmx-DaDlySpuE0kSa2YvzauSQjk5oXSXZhskY30Dax500g9Bf8KwIC0-QAmww-IY338k7nxK1bWvQkHpRPaW4NSqtcV6Mk82a4H2ZjS1Yq3SNm1xS1hizUjJUPe7gqXjEcILBr72M1r9tC5MAtuEB_ftaKZ-epNVw/s744/IMG_20221026_223103.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="744" data-original-width="676" height="529" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCnqHCMmxbeWz7EtwgkWYOPznMDBmx-DaDlySpuE0kSa2YvzauSQjk5oXSXZhskY30Dax500g9Bf8KwIC0-QAmww-IY338k7nxK1bWvQkHpRPaW4NSqtcV6Mk82a4H2ZjS1Yq3SNm1xS1hizUjJUPe7gqXjEcILBr72M1r9tC5MAtuEB_ftaKZ-epNVw/w481-h529/IMG_20221026_223103.jpg" width="481" /></a></div><p style="text-align: left;"></p><p style="text-align: right;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyPwEtQSyiJVT5c_DiRZZdkhzDYVbx_RTrQfbsAu-T79mCuEIO9z1N4UkiEDAFccdjZl0lpO2LqydIpAocIyF2S7OXIxT1vBeB4JookuxWkW3lzymJh0cPEdoPaapVlHVhRg5dT5b9X_msKc86jziPvA6bepIdvyUxs0Jf0A5DOFoK_vrxdU2_7eE5aw/s825/IMG_20221026_223022.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="404" data-original-width="825" height="196" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyPwEtQSyiJVT5c_DiRZZdkhzDYVbx_RTrQfbsAu-T79mCuEIO9z1N4UkiEDAFccdjZl0lpO2LqydIpAocIyF2S7OXIxT1vBeB4JookuxWkW3lzymJh0cPEdoPaapVlHVhRg5dT5b9X_msKc86jziPvA6bepIdvyUxs0Jf0A5DOFoK_vrxdU2_7eE5aw/w400-h196/IMG_20221026_223022.jpg" width="400" /></a></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: #2b00fe; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: white;">B </span></span><b><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;">DÉTERMINER LA COMPOSITION DE L'ATOME</span></b><b><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;">:</span></b></p><p><b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/J8Q24Q2x9d8" width="320" youtube-src-id="J8Q24Q2x9d8"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #2b00fe; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: white;">C </span></span><b><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;">NOTATION SYMBOLIQUE DU NOYAU D'UN ATOME</span></b></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0oAhwOjSdX_1P_yUzP4ORuQpL7AHdA3JXlOwKb0-g0ej9sdm6fOfHUzfpQC0PeURrL4EYWvTw8n1oxH4Mr-IgAvDUU_4lZ0k0gtivz7LH1EQSLkwAx3zCOsGVd6QMktux3CIYZCER7VwPeg3BFg0ZJsTITTIlBI_Yu7qy46ydCXZ6E1zIvHa4oGX_-g/s867/IMG_20221026_222810.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="835" data-original-width="867" height="616" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0oAhwOjSdX_1P_yUzP4ORuQpL7AHdA3JXlOwKb0-g0ej9sdm6fOfHUzfpQC0PeURrL4EYWvTw8n1oxH4Mr-IgAvDUU_4lZ0k0gtivz7LH1EQSLkwAx3zCOsGVd6QMktux3CIYZCER7VwPeg3BFg0ZJsTITTIlBI_Yu7qy46ydCXZ6E1zIvHa4oGX_-g/w640-h616/IMG_20221026_222810.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEyFh6Zgfayp9YdMz6sgUZ5izEmljQKTwrDH2hpRctTaGCo_fYi9hyypdda0ZdOL7tUrrGbAdSp6kWp3Vf9d7qucykDbaYRcwL_bHXqSD6s6r8Hccx8Ceq4mWeKww1KH9ocit-iN3O1-ULXzZJOKxwGR3BGyc-7U5_lK5UiQbvYK8qnvWQ8Um2rbg10w/s773/IMG_20221026_223155.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="317" data-original-width="773" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEyFh6Zgfayp9YdMz6sgUZ5izEmljQKTwrDH2hpRctTaGCo_fYi9hyypdda0ZdOL7tUrrGbAdSp6kWp3Vf9d7qucykDbaYRcwL_bHXqSD6s6r8Hccx8Ceq4mWeKww1KH9ocit-iN3O1-ULXzZJOKxwGR3BGyc-7U5_lK5UiQbvYK8qnvWQ8Um2rbg10w/w640-h262/IMG_20221026_223155.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyLSFqbtfMWyhUrKiAub0QNcZvYOVo9RXcAIJBdurb7rKS5QTXNmXVxdlp_geN7YydxoLzjG_ErMqWqKmLu00zRMZTFGp5QiBbzPgdIW-H0YwCI5RY-bgjEyiE9ZaWIxN5DXywhs_6ZGda51SFOhN9uE69_cFm4sSvAyqRjV0sGCiVuq0BfKiNMSctxg/s861/IMG_20221026_222951.jpg" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="765" data-original-width="861" height="355" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyLSFqbtfMWyhUrKiAub0QNcZvYOVo9RXcAIJBdurb7rKS5QTXNmXVxdlp_geN7YydxoLzjG_ErMqWqKmLu00zRMZTFGp5QiBbzPgdIW-H0YwCI5RY-bgjEyiE9ZaWIxN5DXywhs_6ZGda51SFOhN9uE69_cFm4sSvAyqRjV0sGCiVuq0BfKiNMSctxg/w400-h355/IMG_20221026_222951.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSnP6IFPOdggwMl3XWfbQ2ODu1apaACxmhdQqKkLW8EGEkvbQqHCx6_XVURQWhARhl8N9kmKOj6QVonf9Ug__JmSVJqYcaF_jCCE2Us4jldbElsBpxxpDfSjyGBz_hofuKBWWtZ-VvQ00_V4xIYTNBgTxiE7xOT5RG8mWmeHG4P2SWxaATzXBEnvpvjA/s1333/IMG_20221026_230031.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1333" data-original-width="1080" height="849" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSnP6IFPOdggwMl3XWfbQ2ODu1apaACxmhdQqKkLW8EGEkvbQqHCx6_XVURQWhARhl8N9kmKOj6QVonf9Ug__JmSVJqYcaF_jCCE2Us4jldbElsBpxxpDfSjyGBz_hofuKBWWtZ-VvQ00_V4xIYTNBgTxiE7xOT5RG8mWmeHG4P2SWxaATzXBEnvpvjA/w689-h849/IMG_20221026_230031.jpg" width="689" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Nota ERRATA: Número de electrones del azufre es 16.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7B6Pn-8yJKl2S-7NCz4HMbja8ffDru80IvlNvnAhrtqqQt8jZdqQKHIFDynabF028jSv9t0wIuz9h1ILqf1V2BcRHt5Ae9gttYIyYTTk5zEnm2xjj27RGkfZhVyn-HQHOK6RmLqOecqZHc42oBd-TaiZx_APiEOhEMEMq1KpwFP0hb1FfwySHz80wow/s4508/IMG_20221101_190804.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1626" data-original-width="4508" height="230" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7B6Pn-8yJKl2S-7NCz4HMbja8ffDru80IvlNvnAhrtqqQt8jZdqQKHIFDynabF028jSv9t0wIuz9h1ILqf1V2BcRHt5Ae9gttYIyYTTk5zEnm2xjj27RGkfZhVyn-HQHOK6RmLqOecqZHc42oBd-TaiZx_APiEOhEMEMq1KpwFP0hb1FfwySHz80wow/w640-h230/IMG_20221101_190804.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #2b00fe; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #2b00fe; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white;">D </span></span><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;">LE CORTÈGE ÉLECTRONIQUE D'UN ATOME</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXbHlE4VLzxm2MwP3A30sZpMkH5JdfOVtt0w5AY39dYpennxBMa76RJEgvDg3e-U-Irr8V36L7bNu2R8NLZs40NBGfPs7XcWTKIVPnHgXDeewJg4iG0bHiN0Qeg79nu32i25w-W0yjCHl22hZRHqS6Jx_36JeC9FoojMKj8CEeNYE3nSWDuBYxNRRAhA/s897/IMG_20221026_224034.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="342" data-original-width="897" height="244" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXbHlE4VLzxm2MwP3A30sZpMkH5JdfOVtt0w5AY39dYpennxBMa76RJEgvDg3e-U-Irr8V36L7bNu2R8NLZs40NBGfPs7XcWTKIVPnHgXDeewJg4iG0bHiN0Qeg79nu32i25w-W0yjCHl22hZRHqS6Jx_36JeC9FoojMKj8CEeNYE3nSWDuBYxNRRAhA/w640-h244/IMG_20221026_224034.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgttHPJNV0pgvYZzH4h7-E1s0vSUH1qJwmmEfu_sbs7xHzlgO_kec3m6IV2TW4ZOXO6_9_iz50jjH9gZ6AEcJ5ZQAkZPWAFCH_NIeLl_yW6cVaMlbdgYq8lqgK2JrufcTShkgHNbN_rttqubhh0FOuhla9vME5gw-XN2OmP8-D-m3An45EOCmLi1XE5Fg/s807/IMG_20221026_221710.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9LNF07vUH57lYbAmAnFgtBbF3bfw_Jk8WBP4Lo_46IRTlw1D0ZwO5Q4IzmOI33TcR3tOSNd68YX7KkCCSo20Whw9krSAQ6iIj4g3kooopYEjhsv0USY62aZvgE_jkTn-ccgEEjw221BmBtVP3x9keQDf-m591gQYvZtlH0nsXPzay224PdkHEVbPOAw/s722/ej%20config%20ele.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="491" data-original-width="722" height="436" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj9LNF07vUH57lYbAmAnFgtBbF3bfw_Jk8WBP4Lo_46IRTlw1D0ZwO5Q4IzmOI33TcR3tOSNd68YX7KkCCSo20Whw9krSAQ6iIj4g3kooopYEjhsv0USY62aZvgE_jkTn-ccgEEjw221BmBtVP3x9keQDf-m591gQYvZtlH0nsXPzay224PdkHEVbPOAw/w640-h436/ej%20config%20ele.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: #2b00fe; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700;"><span style="color: white;">E </span></span><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: red;"><b>QU'EST-CE QU'UN ION?</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white; font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: red;"><b><br /></b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ot-_jkH5o_Y" width="320" youtube-src-id="Ot-_jkH5o_Y"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-4a6a0455-7fff-882a-d120-d7f6a598c4cb"><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -4pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Un ion es un átomo con carga. Esto significa que ha ganado o perdido electrones y pierden su neutralidad eléctrica.</span></p></li><li aria-level="1" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -4pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 5.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Pueden ser:</span></p></li><ul style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;"><li aria-level="2" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -4pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 5.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Cationes</span><span style="font-style: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 400; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">: Átomos que han perdido electrones y que, por tanto, quedan con un exceso de carga positiva («gana el núcleo»)</span></p></li><li aria-level="2" dir="ltr" style="font-family: Arial; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; margin-left: -4pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;"><p dir="ltr" role="presentation" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 5.6pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Aniones</span><span style="font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><i style="font-weight: 700;">:</i> Átomos que han ganado electrones y que, por tanto, quedan con un exceso de carga negativa.</span></p></li></ul></ul></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHVXUrfG3BYm8mybiP2WBiUuq1bLeZAIWGtY76Wmeg4QVSeQSoZXxTFzkE1wfImsY3AJ94Z83DVJLftjVu_FF_YLwqjQauxEu5IaNpSmsXe6LK7GbSWB4hojzDmy4JzfTwHBGAAggglSGpRE3W1HhpKXVEelwqmWNFpISiBtDzD6s9xEjLKdJdkgICg/s1030/representacion%20ion.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="1030" height="392" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxHVXUrfG3BYm8mybiP2WBiUuq1bLeZAIWGtY76Wmeg4QVSeQSoZXxTFzkE1wfImsY3AJ94Z83DVJLftjVu_FF_YLwqjQauxEu5IaNpSmsXe6LK7GbSWB4hojzDmy4JzfTwHBGAAggglSGpRE3W1HhpKXVEelwqmWNFpISiBtDzD6s9xEjLKdJdkgICg/w640-h392/representacion%20ion.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgs1EHHfV1kZUgvgYaiNutb8tJbYOarxSJbVNFXjZzNKUHVzl0Tyy3bQ8yOFn2RjWsc7laoyOLcNocZl_aNrjzZ8kHUGhHH6CzLv725x6ZenBBzUFk3KqtAlfnqApxsI1HjmE-dzTFuClgFcRwVMLTcs12tY3VghK0pMl8ZnIYHZUzuyB-k5uUsu-To-w/s961/representacion%20ioncloruro.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; 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text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxDno2bwlkkFTuQWVy-qTWmM8sVqsW5lLsrJsZB0sy0W14p-EZMPpoQDZ2jVT3cLOnnTywh2J5mt8XJj5VFlEJbSFHKfh_2G9Oh9p23zIVL2KqCAiRxn-7zWmuqFmvYylu8b7TMIZX8IQ6toH82B0_JucPQaiMnjJsq6BuiKwZSWhgpyfRoNkbF6vMMg/s639/ej%20cationes.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="481" data-original-width="639" height="482" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhxDno2bwlkkFTuQWVy-qTWmM8sVqsW5lLsrJsZB0sy0W14p-EZMPpoQDZ2jVT3cLOnnTywh2J5mt8XJj5VFlEJbSFHKfh_2G9Oh9p23zIVL2KqCAiRxn-7zWmuqFmvYylu8b7TMIZX8IQ6toH82B0_JucPQaiMnjJsq6BuiKwZSWhgpyfRoNkbF6vMMg/w640-h482/ej%20cationes.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><span style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><span style="background-color: red;">CONSTRUIRE UN ATOME:</span><a href="https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_fr.html" style="background-color: white;"> ICI</a></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><b><br /></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNIZ3ah3j3-J19s7KZ2rWsB1l_4DPbFO25M89F1l_B6NYee8CSvqM9HtRZPxVEnr45Foy-Y-HVkdPdHcBGY8YHyrsBmJJ-mye4G3-2_T-Jv2GYTpfsPVRjSdrUT8WXAODFcNZf-9MKp2rdLr6s51eglen5OJun2O5HKToHZcRn9EFTZ855Gv4KlPkfPg/s1213/phetcolorado.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="585" data-original-width="1213" height="193" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNIZ3ah3j3-J19s7KZ2rWsB1l_4DPbFO25M89F1l_B6NYee8CSvqM9HtRZPxVEnr45Foy-Y-HVkdPdHcBGY8YHyrsBmJJ-mye4G3-2_T-Jv2GYTpfsPVRjSdrUT8WXAODFcNZf-9MKp2rdLr6s51eglen5OJun2O5HKToHZcRn9EFTZ855Gv4KlPkfPg/w400-h193/phetcolorado.png" width="400" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_leG6yabaNXvATslVukgp01BLqS1_c4AfmwF8S3SX9jLi1hyeOMq74AtZ_BZkvkd3ocx5PbQonlifReXwzEv60DL0di2PjJTCy_sr0wgWHocEjgcwAEpTm2WKJQO1Pz39GR7AxeLssTBr03b-WgRDLSyg9Esjyr7Jq76ZlNrsrpIlEIyxe2H1PrcmmA/s934/IMG_20221026_221451.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="570" data-original-width="934" height="390" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_leG6yabaNXvATslVukgp01BLqS1_c4AfmwF8S3SX9jLi1hyeOMq74AtZ_BZkvkd3ocx5PbQonlifReXwzEv60DL0di2PjJTCy_sr0wgWHocEjgcwAEpTm2WKJQO1Pz39GR7AxeLssTBr03b-WgRDLSyg9Esjyr7Jq76ZlNrsrpIlEIyxe2H1PrcmmA/w640-h390/IMG_20221026_221451.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #2b00fe; font-size: xx-large; font-weight: 700; text-align: left;"><span style="color: white;">F </span></span><b style="text-align: left;"><span style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: large;">LA CLASSIFICATION PÉRIODIQUE</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidkBZDhpTVV1EA1X5sA1GRaKPG9ZfaaZF0DuKFaaOEAPOH5vFIEIj-HmmacTUQqMTnvznVZ0O7n0jyROFAFqYCrIxERJ9LRLjZq26Wax9cHA8-P72Mi4FXhok9mSBB6n0leSZYUotXsPHrxf9n33Efw0nAQ2JVt-o04phBNZTF88bykUoDE-mDrp-KQg/s910/IMG_20221026_224052.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="590" data-original-width="910" height="414" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidkBZDhpTVV1EA1X5sA1GRaKPG9ZfaaZF0DuKFaaOEAPOH5vFIEIj-HmmacTUQqMTnvznVZ0O7n0jyROFAFqYCrIxERJ9LRLjZq26Wax9cHA8-P72Mi4FXhok9mSBB6n0leSZYUotXsPHrxf9n33Efw0nAQ2JVt-o04phBNZTF88bykUoDE-mDrp-KQg/w640-h414/IMG_20221026_224052.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/L6QmzMCl8JQ" width="320" youtube-src-id="L6QmzMCl8JQ"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br /></div></div><br />Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-91978973465719321152022-10-25T00:08:00.028+02:002022-11-06T12:59:19.055+01:00Modelos atómicos en imágenes y enlaces<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRjugjqyEjRp0ldPOACbIwvziP2GZG_poTtzYnNl88dsBXl6Cu635-l82pIwrH1ls0_6qhC5psHknRFo9_gmtZdZkzhR3M_rYv8ojFMvzpUctuvSMOr8DNN-ZIuupR42MYsdrIKbxbCwxxbRCOQgiwnP1OD86Uk57VcdMyBRyZx3-mWTwlRvv9MFR_rg/s651/00-52-53-ESQUEMA.png" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwCoADGurRDyMvR_bFitk6HCAVuSbdCUbzAc0U9gTx-kA5JeWVYArmluSdCQE4GuKCLLUaFAQDoViANqcNuCgdNnCRmLLvab6o1rwzWDjhx2vMpY31sjd_qBL1snfA_SlptL6pQWXl81eiCeQw82o0DusoQyJGoXclPdgHUdvf8aiNkAOuGFuqPF7PhQ/s1050/IMG_20221025_142722.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Esquema" border="0" data-original-height="594" data-original-width="1050" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgwCoADGurRDyMvR_bFitk6HCAVuSbdCUbzAc0U9gTx-kA5JeWVYArmluSdCQE4GuKCLLUaFAQDoViANqcNuCgdNnCRmLLvab6o1rwzWDjhx2vMpY31sjd_qBL1snfA_SlptL6pQWXl81eiCeQw82o0DusoQyJGoXclPdgHUdvf8aiNkAOuGFuqPF7PhQ/w640-h362/IMG_20221025_142722.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"> La palabra <b>átomo</b> proviene del griego y significa indivisible. El concepto fue introducido por filósofos de la antigua Grecia, como Demócrito y Leucipo, pero tuvieron que pasar más de 2000 años para que estas teorías se convirtieran en una teoría atómica en el sentido moderno</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG436yu-8dGOypq1VeyzqcS0qkTsw60g4JBiLtIRe096T3eUNB0tCWSJBNawaS9yTyzTg9COcv2nT9478sSs8JDSDtftatO-bvITNtHXVyWCt3HdUKJGOntV6PQ43ET3ifn9CdbnRoqysga8LfUtAHuiZCma8btdl0lLeOtiKCqFhWs7II__kbOZEEyQ/s200/00-53-03-220px-Democritus2.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="145" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiG436yu-8dGOypq1VeyzqcS0qkTsw60g4JBiLtIRe096T3eUNB0tCWSJBNawaS9yTyzTg9COcv2nT9478sSs8JDSDtftatO-bvITNtHXVyWCt3HdUKJGOntV6PQ43ET3ifn9CdbnRoqysga8LfUtAHuiZCma8btdl0lLeOtiKCqFhWs7II__kbOZEEyQ/w232-h320/00-53-03-220px-Democritus2.jpg" width="232" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><b>O. TEORÍA ATÓMICA DE DALTON<br /></b><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDuzKZHct_U5EZPpQAGYkj4b_fdwLkLWHszUp4tycYnqZ3-5SJD8v85Gi68gBie3HtM3RxfJQ1xX6FOYkHdcXikOkAs3xb-LfYxaw070Goiyy9db6P6LBmZoWRuAmY1aod-Yoe3Jx0hnEz0r2874bq_koqIvKFvSAawBr_hpeGRTPcS05mIOWC6-KrGQ/s1230/00-30-43-John_Dalton_by_Charles_Turner.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1230" data-original-width="996" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDuzKZHct_U5EZPpQAGYkj4b_fdwLkLWHszUp4tycYnqZ3-5SJD8v85Gi68gBie3HtM3RxfJQ1xX6FOYkHdcXikOkAs3xb-LfYxaw070Goiyy9db6P6LBmZoWRuAmY1aod-Yoe3Jx0hnEz0r2874bq_koqIvKFvSAawBr_hpeGRTPcS05mIOWC6-KrGQ/s320/00-30-43-John_Dalton_by_Charles_Turner.jpg" width="259" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">La teoría atómica formulada por DALTON en 1803 y publicada en 1808, establece los siguientes postulados o hipótesis, partiendo de la idea de que la materia es discontinua; </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- La materia se compone de partículas muy pequeñas inseparables denominadas átomos.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Los átomos de un elemento son idénticos en todas sus propiedades.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Los diferentes elementos están hechos de átomos distintos.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Los átomos son indivisibles y conservan sus características en las reacciones químicas, en las que se combinan en proporciones numéricas simples.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_vJnFFi_uXRS3aS5D_uUq8O7j0zUpOpZiWEmZwcldOCxJB_wU9XExaA4rPl0NQmNYDZWZvMucCP9QbOlQONt9cDbuBcxwOn-SZDeoJmw3rfPnk6Ax4Ug81vp-gkw4TNsttLYFzjpj3a6PEOtNCWACfzpFFvey7qZ4kncrvsKeroC2nSJUNIt28CYHiw/s504/00-59-50-1st2nd.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="251" data-original-width="504" height="159" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_vJnFFi_uXRS3aS5D_uUq8O7j0zUpOpZiWEmZwcldOCxJB_wU9XExaA4rPl0NQmNYDZWZvMucCP9QbOlQONt9cDbuBcxwOn-SZDeoJmw3rfPnk6Ax4Ug81vp-gkw4TNsttLYFzjpj3a6PEOtNCWACfzpFFvey7qZ4kncrvsKeroC2nSJUNIt28CYHiw/s320/00-59-50-1st2nd.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7UjMOY63_yqLz3b_0RzXraJIfNyADJKhSiksVOY_01aZVYioThFGiO8ISVnZyqdjNpOKzLAZPt6L-in1D5eAisCPN06OlJ9TKUenA62n7bBK2N5xYohSrSvQHZL9k39KHsgvEcZYyEeQ6F7jFL6F994zhoufOqeNsYne73QUbHix4lGuPQLGysi2Sxg/s734/00-59-59-3rd4th.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="135" data-original-width="734" height="74" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7UjMOY63_yqLz3b_0RzXraJIfNyADJKhSiksVOY_01aZVYioThFGiO8ISVnZyqdjNpOKzLAZPt6L-in1D5eAisCPN06OlJ9TKUenA62n7bBK2N5xYohSrSvQHZL9k39KHsgvEcZYyEeQ6F7jFL6F994zhoufOqeNsYne73QUbHix4lGuPQLGysi2Sxg/w400-h74/00-59-59-3rd4th.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">A comienzos del siglo XIX se daba la siguiente situación en la ciencia:</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Dalton había determinado que la materia estaba formada por átomos indivisibles.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Distintas experiencias demostraban que las partículas podían ganar o perder cargas eléctricas (electrización).</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc9TDK2uWEno-9F92AAsFBEjmpoT4r7rrU2onz1iihPVu1ly8BOAcRL3d3Fp6xF5Q98YqZK87pPmvILeMugXHoW-ua7wyD5NB9db4Bi4SW2AQ3y8Oc8_44q-yzAnPdabfL6MI2fUrrXsDSasIU9a54AHJYkq2MShqlqOJ-zlt6YCsZK-VzO4wD5H3QA/s250/00-30-24-modelos.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="110" data-original-width="250" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirc9TDK2uWEno-9F92AAsFBEjmpoT4r7rrU2onz1iihPVu1ly8BOAcRL3d3Fp6xF5Q98YqZK87pPmvILeMugXHoW-ua7wyD5NB9db4Bi4SW2AQ3y8Oc8_44q-yzAnPdabfL6MI2fUrrXsDSasIU9a54AHJYkq2MShqlqOJ-zlt6YCsZK-VzO4wD5H3QA/w400-h176/00-30-24-modelos.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>A. MODELO DE THOMSON ("pastel de pasas").</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAnvH7oL0s7zodkpfX3FZSUHTMJfV5KPzejS1EpXISWrMVY_VRAGm5wtyJ4q6h4X8Wfb6eaAN1dcM16sBWU1VzNqcAGF-AEA16xh08Z-gti5ZAO69Sem_93jUN5aiNpTscfNJ5ywNuljZEIKn0B9yoijHF-i0eSuB44urMlS1xDp2OB63h1iu3yLBnKw/s320/00-30-04-thomson.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="320" data-original-width="290" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAnvH7oL0s7zodkpfX3FZSUHTMJfV5KPzejS1EpXISWrMVY_VRAGm5wtyJ4q6h4X8Wfb6eaAN1dcM16sBWU1VzNqcAGF-AEA16xh08Z-gti5ZAO69Sem_93jUN5aiNpTscfNJ5ywNuljZEIKn0B9yoijHF-i0eSuB44urMlS1xDp2OB63h1iu3yLBnKw/s1600/00-30-04-thomson.jpg" width="290" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;">El átomo es una gran masa de carga positiva en la que se insertan los electrones. Debido a la repulsión entre los electrones, estos se distribuyen uniformemente en la esfera. La carga negativa de los electrones se compensa con la positiva para que el átomo sea neutro. </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7iz4rLaUQ59sPLeTEzPtuT_Fgmd32Hjt4G-X_kija0GQ5X4yPLaVql3LYm0WAOGsIdXt8d99znCgxdUtzEtl_yRZYVEMkeP3sqqdS2_EgkTqcVHLasex76zURQKsH-MJqZPxbNR2sIr0edbkt4gpAj6xHa_-BviVELyWguYLu6S6eQAvyKqkvmQQnHw/s320/00-29-57-pastel+de+pasas.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="160" data-original-width="320" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7iz4rLaUQ59sPLeTEzPtuT_Fgmd32Hjt4G-X_kija0GQ5X4yPLaVql3LYm0WAOGsIdXt8d99znCgxdUtzEtl_yRZYVEMkeP3sqqdS2_EgkTqcVHLasex76zURQKsH-MJqZPxbNR2sIr0edbkt4gpAj6xHa_-BviVELyWguYLu6S6eQAvyKqkvmQQnHw/s1600/00-29-57-pastel+de+pasas.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b><br /></b></span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><div><b>B. MODELO DE RUTHERFORD:</b></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrIGEGHV-tESEo46TZsI5G4TOc3vjKqJ1n8yMJX9u4Lg6cQfmtiDKqdGb_8bPj8eNa4WnUY2aEKelk71eHJ1FYNsBykDZbjycyVoptdfJdAIDInO6VmIrgPBv-UP95efRV3lk6tbWBiQVdU54Z2HBHgZ2t_8cejn9DFhuGtq8htgVQQXisqtt-Jpt3Xg/s300/00-30-11-experimento-rutherford-1-300x298.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="298" data-original-width="300" height="397" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrIGEGHV-tESEo46TZsI5G4TOc3vjKqJ1n8yMJX9u4Lg6cQfmtiDKqdGb_8bPj8eNa4WnUY2aEKelk71eHJ1FYNsBykDZbjycyVoptdfJdAIDInO6VmIrgPBv-UP95efRV3lk6tbWBiQVdU54Z2HBHgZ2t_8cejn9DFhuGtq8htgVQQXisqtt-Jpt3Xg/w400-h397/00-30-11-experimento-rutherford-1-300x298.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu_uYK3jBcuN2Klhwa4XBF0T_In43YsZYwlKCIh5i8OvvJt4mT32gH_oEGpiC-tkYTe1ohxmrwa6Mda89ik-umwXRltcIw0n7c0A21LWlafGBXk5D3_64s_ZLM-FgB3rvBC8m4j151X-9gBqaqKfkB8wXv_w1uCJJA6L5BU08zbu9bkDamRoBy_JAHTg/s1117/IMG_20221022_212802.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1117" data-original-width="772" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu_uYK3jBcuN2Klhwa4XBF0T_In43YsZYwlKCIh5i8OvvJt4mT32gH_oEGpiC-tkYTe1ohxmrwa6Mda89ik-umwXRltcIw0n7c0A21LWlafGBXk5D3_64s_ZLM-FgB3rvBC8m4j151X-9gBqaqKfkB8wXv_w1uCJJA6L5BU08zbu9bkDamRoBy_JAHTg/w276-h400/IMG_20221022_212802.jpg" width="276" /></a></div><br /><div><br /></div>Distingue núcleo y corteza:<div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>- Núcleo</b>: <span style="text-align: justify;">muy pequeño en el que se concentra la masa del átomo y su carga positiva. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="text-align: justify;"><b>- Corteza</b>: donde los electrones giran describiendo órbitas circulares alrededor del núcleo atómico como los planetas alrededor del Sol.</span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH5HGk0M0SSHo6fMgBlkrfpoio8x_woQLiH_y5gYssf5Cnh4L9Y8uAEmBiIcKgMZmFnH-fM_xxXuhcz5WTEUIDKDWLvbB9HdHv4EprupuX2355RR2U8xfRQLpXG6U_7VhhKpBG1rNgwLJVdgg31IoN-8wo-FixcvYvzplloc_fIpDihmmAUWrJVzuX5w/s685/00-22-40-modelo_atomico_rutherford.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="513" data-original-width="685" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH5HGk0M0SSHo6fMgBlkrfpoio8x_woQLiH_y5gYssf5Cnh4L9Y8uAEmBiIcKgMZmFnH-fM_xxXuhcz5WTEUIDKDWLvbB9HdHv4EprupuX2355RR2U8xfRQLpXG6U_7VhhKpBG1rNgwLJVdgg31IoN-8wo-FixcvYvzplloc_fIpDihmmAUWrJVzuX5w/s320/00-22-40-modelo_atomico_rutherford.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Por tanto, el átomo es una estructura con un núcleo muy pequeño en relación al tamaño total del átomo. En el núcleo se encuentran los protones (Z) y neutrones (N). Alrededor del núcleo se mueven los electrones a una distancia muy grande a comparación con el tamaño de este. Es decir, la mayor parte del átomo está vacía. </div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Con este modelo se pueden explicar los <i><b>iones</b></i>:</span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- Cuando un átomo pierde electrones, adquiere carga positiva y se convierte en ión positivo o catión.</span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- Cuando un átomo gana electrones, adquiere carga negativa y se convierte en ion negativo o anión. </span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=+%5Cquad%7BN%5Cacute%7Bu%7Dmero%5C+m%5Cacute%7Ba%7Dsico%5C+%5Clongrightarrow+%5Catop%7BN%5Cacute%7Bu%7Dmero%5C+at%5Cacute%7Bo%7Dmico%5C+%5Clongrightarrow%7D%7D+_%7BZ%7D%5E%7BA%7D%5Ctextrm%7BX%7D%5C+%5Clongleftarrow+Elemento+&bg=ffffff&fg=000000&s=2" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="40" src="http://s0.wp.com/latex.php?latex=+%5Cquad%7BN%5Cacute%7Bu%7Dmero%5C+m%5Cacute%7Ba%7Dsico%5C+%5Clongrightarrow+%5Catop%7BN%5Cacute%7Bu%7Dmero%5C+at%5Cacute%7Bo%7Dmico%5C+%5Clongrightarrow%7D%7D+_%7BZ%7D%5E%7BA%7D%5Ctextrm%7BX%7D%5C+%5Clongleftarrow+Elemento+&bg=ffffff&fg=000000&s=2" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Para representar un átomo se utiliza un símbolo con dos números: el número atómico, Z, que indica el número de protones y es el "DNI del átomo" y el número másico, A, indica su número de protones más el de neutrones.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfbWI3EkFEPqcU0Y9mYWjFHKvuHFloNWpGUL-RkOKAnIYiqmq4ba-1jvRHtPDgqHJXAU5AcgsU1y8TLXTAyAVhH9zULYLG9YmQvY3MwbedQ0_Tq7S1ziuZEIlv-0KT8K1Av-ZA_iFZhv4/s400/N%C3%BAmero+de+masa+y+at%C3%B3mico.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfbWI3EkFEPqcU0Y9mYWjFHKvuHFloNWpGUL-RkOKAnIYiqmq4ba-1jvRHtPDgqHJXAU5AcgsU1y8TLXTAyAVhH9zULYLG9YmQvY3MwbedQ0_Tq7S1ziuZEIlv-0KT8K1Av-ZA_iFZhv4/s400/N%C3%BAmero+de+masa+y+at%C3%B3mico.gif" width="180" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">- En un átomo neutro, el número de protones coincide con el número de electrones. Por tanto, Z también representa el número de electrones de un átomo neutro.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Todos los átomos de un elemento químico tienen el mismo Z, es decir, todos tienen el mismo número de protones. </div><div style="text-align: justify;">- Se llaman <b><i>isótopos</i></b> los átomos que tienen el mismo número de protones y se diferencian en el número de neutrones. Los isótopos son átomos del mismo elemento químico.</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Ejemplo: Explica por qué son isótopos los átomos de potasio-39 y potasio-41</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDs0OA32uGXpqNcIpZ9f8D4GNvncN5aYgwrVdAOLPQ9oL5EB95ftyORHvkJ6iMjdxA9kCXj22nBQg0XmyDJ22Nd5sakCj0qEAHAm6tFsOeYwCIuhfbgKfMNHvcVo9MHqR5Z8T7Rd8tkkCvurJgP6QOAl285g8Pi8XQfQ5tBSQ8rvKDB3xafdZ-yYzaOg/s1442/IMG_20221022_180940.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1442" data-original-width="1080" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDs0OA32uGXpqNcIpZ9f8D4GNvncN5aYgwrVdAOLPQ9oL5EB95ftyORHvkJ6iMjdxA9kCXj22nBQg0XmyDJ22Nd5sakCj0qEAHAm6tFsOeYwCIuhfbgKfMNHvcVo9MHqR5Z8T7Rd8tkkCvurJgP6QOAl285g8Pi8XQfQ5tBSQ8rvKDB3xafdZ-yYzaOg/w300-h400/IMG_20221022_180940.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXTZ0SsqacZUgk_Dx6uqY40Ct6jSW2z-rnldqocAp3EvXU5Z_7afQr4YiFlhf3sEgs34w26BAJli6G9EC9cfaq9bcihqLBpEZvWXUlxujZoglvjuRTOsszuJHIcektitXwBimF3RTM2guGebV-fmETWxikwBUwbgcM8aaEIl3eZyIxDiT3bFV5lR6EUg/s280/00-53-51-ebrutherford.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="158" data-original-width="280" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXTZ0SsqacZUgk_Dx6uqY40Ct6jSW2z-rnldqocAp3EvXU5Z_7afQr4YiFlhf3sEgs34w26BAJli6G9EC9cfaq9bcihqLBpEZvWXUlxujZoglvjuRTOsszuJHIcektitXwBimF3RTM2guGebV-fmETWxikwBUwbgcM8aaEIl3eZyIxDiT3bFV5lR6EUg/w320-h181/00-53-51-ebrutherford.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>C. MODELO ATÓMICO DE BOHR</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfngNm0A3jmTfdS61e3Y8wvG-K9L8uCedN-uPceHzJPKNCTSJvEayErrEJnWiZLM5HHzJZo4jvVbWy5izz2xBqfa_eZJnxFJJ8ExLEBShlY6WotsgRD9lIL12PsricSx2sqOysS_-hY6n/s1600/Bio-Niels-Bohr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgVfngNm0A3jmTfdS61e3Y8wvG-K9L8uCedN-uPceHzJPKNCTSJvEayErrEJnWiZLM5HHzJZo4jvVbWy5izz2xBqfa_eZJnxFJJ8ExLEBShlY6WotsgRD9lIL12PsricSx2sqOysS_-hY6n/s320/Bio-Niels-Bohr.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Niels Bohr realizó una serie de estudios y dedujo que el átomo está cuantizado: Los electrones se colocan en el átomo <u><b>ocupando niveles de meenergía</b></u> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://www.escuelapedia.com/wp-content/uploads/El-%C3%A1tomo-de-Bohr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="396" src="http://www.escuelapedia.com/wp-content/uploads/El-%C3%A1tomo-de-Bohr.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Los electrones solo se pueden encontrar girando en determinados niveles de energía (órbitas permitidas) pero <b><u>sin radiar o emitir energía electromagnética</u></b>. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUQHC3MdavMoxXftIJM8sTVAxrPlur5eKDZQTRjjv-lfFcbjGzar0XVYfsGPkpiyQOlDRdLXH8a8OmIiqx5nh45nYxRHcNbrQZhQnOUyo-aJpOUXrv-r4xJP_bE8i_Qfo7XA4s1twLpEUFZpxOoFS-PYtMg9mRCN-XajmoJoGGub5OX00fCTraq4fr4A/s240/00-53-43-BOHR.GIF" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="226" data-original-width="240" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjUQHC3MdavMoxXftIJM8sTVAxrPlur5eKDZQTRjjv-lfFcbjGzar0XVYfsGPkpiyQOlDRdLXH8a8OmIiqx5nh45nYxRHcNbrQZhQnOUyo-aJpOUXrv-r4xJP_bE8i_Qfo7XA4s1twLpEUFZpxOoFS-PYtMg9mRCN-XajmoJoGGub5OX00fCTraq4fr4A/s1600/00-53-43-BOHR.GIF" width="240" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: #d9ead3;">PARA REPASAR</i>: <span style="font-family: "times new roman";">Aquí tenéis dos resúmenes de los modelos atómicos (click -></span><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <a href="http://concurso.cnice.mec.es/cnice2005/93_iniciacion_interactiva_materia/curso/materiales/atomo/modelos.htm">II</a>)</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "times new roman";"></span><span style="font-family: times new roman;"><br /></span><i style="background-color: #b4a7d6;">VÍDEOS:</i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><i style="background-color: #b4a7d6;"><br /></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Pc0LWkUWPI8/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/Pc0LWkUWPI8?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/mJWrj2PXVl0" width="320" youtube-src-id="mJWrj2PXVl0"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/0UW90luAJE0/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/0UW90luAJE0?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"></span></div><div style="text-align: start;"><i><span style="font-size: x-small;"> </span></i><br /><i><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8440043/unidad_04.html">Repaso 3ºESO</a> </i><br /><i><br /></i><b><span style="font-size: x-large;"><a href="https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_es.html" style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">ACTIVIDAD INTERACTIVA CONSTRUIR ÁTOMOS</a></span></b><br /><i><br /></i></div><div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -47.75pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;"><br /><span style="font-family: "calibri";"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-right: -47.75pt; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "calibri";"> </span><span style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "bodoni mt";"> </span></span></div></div><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b>D. MODELO ATÓMICO ACTUAL: MODELO MECANO-CUÁNTICO (Schrödinger).</b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><br /></b><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="http://stanfordflipside.com/images/204Schrodinger.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="http://stanfordflipside.com/images/204Schrodinger.gif" width="320" /></a></div><b><br /></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;">El <b style="background-color: orange;">modelo mecano-cuántico </b>establece que<b> </b>los electrones se encuentran alrededor del núcleo ocupando posiciones más o menos probables, pero su posición no se puede predecir con total exactitud (recuerda que, por el contrario, en el modelo de Bohr se suponía que los electrones se encontraban en posiciones concretas a unas distancias definidas del núcleo).</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Se denomina <span style="background-color: yellow;">orbital</span> a la región del espacio en la que existe una probabilidad elevada (superior al 90%) de encontrar un electrón. No es lo mismo órbita (Bohr) que orbital.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir9ql6wPaZxVlpf8I53ian6GLvpPVkpCm5DrFzzgN7j-cqx26HBxCRPW4V-7s4bbWZ9Iv2MTojk9O4_sHzOfvSgCpBVXB9O_izB0iAvZqdqsodS7Vjw1xMQbuxCnzbQT2__Fl4VD-3ZTZ7Az331MOIBZz9MKgzCtysGv-5lXYu1xZHp4iphFlfBTgTIA/s1708/IMG_20221022_181014.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1708" data-original-width="1080" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir9ql6wPaZxVlpf8I53ian6GLvpPVkpCm5DrFzzgN7j-cqx26HBxCRPW4V-7s4bbWZ9Iv2MTojk9O4_sHzOfvSgCpBVXB9O_izB0iAvZqdqsodS7Vjw1xMQbuxCnzbQT2__Fl4VD-3ZTZ7Az331MOIBZz9MKgzCtysGv-5lXYu1xZHp4iphFlfBTgTIA/w253-h400/IMG_20221022_181014.jpg" width="253" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxanTjr6fhuaZo_NnmhY-l-jCuycCGBU8nXV0sfDGJF8l_5seA2iMtYaErX7b2bPtW_K5ugQ3plgE_S5mukxA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b>Ideas claras </b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjTnMrZLRC5_5QizZk-M_UhYykjvoh_yVZ8D1IONDmNgs5_n1vcadHk4JOw7PEkMnsbNPSTfLRjTG8CWOrBoV5dvJXulTklfuCXp1bezYDTUPfeFmo48Z_RXHQ6ZuN7jDFfuK6qxfCKUeXG51d5i9f9N4-L_csvCQ78UVKeAIumCb3IdSrwe1UcvGkNA/s981/IMG_20221026_225800.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="493" data-original-width="981" height="201" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgjTnMrZLRC5_5QizZk-M_UhYykjvoh_yVZ8D1IONDmNgs5_n1vcadHk4JOw7PEkMnsbNPSTfLRjTG8CWOrBoV5dvJXulTklfuCXp1bezYDTUPfeFmo48Z_RXHQ6ZuN7jDFfuK6qxfCKUeXG51d5i9f9N4-L_csvCQ78UVKeAIumCb3IdSrwe1UcvGkNA/w400-h201/IMG_20221026_225800.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimloDJ-p-IxPrCYPgvCgtSk5M8txIKIsFI1mSWnHVHMut8M_CJed-dO_H8cHXUnPRqaMNmq8aAd_shNoVckgF8qY-taMvZA3ulOwgRo1ag6oQKpjKmo3-R9GVUlODooLTeT59imHCJ6kdhc-mKmszsbFhw4up2k-AeWZdI_CoRtZcItxkVLM8G14SgTA/s1059/IMG_20221026_223910.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1059" data-original-width="805" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimloDJ-p-IxPrCYPgvCgtSk5M8txIKIsFI1mSWnHVHMut8M_CJed-dO_H8cHXUnPRqaMNmq8aAd_shNoVckgF8qY-taMvZA3ulOwgRo1ag6oQKpjKmo3-R9GVUlODooLTeT59imHCJ6kdhc-mKmszsbFhw4up2k-AeWZdI_CoRtZcItxkVLM8G14SgTA/s320/IMG_20221026_223910.jpg" width="243" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/L2xA0FDpnzw" width="320" youtube-src-id="L2xA0FDpnzw"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-44854767565880016122022-09-22T00:22:00.001+02:002022-10-27T17:42:38.361+02:00La composición de los seres vivos<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: orange;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">SESIÓN
1:</span> </b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background: yellow; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: yellow;">“Nuestro planeta presenta una gran diversidad”</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/VIDEOS/1%20-%20Biodiversidad.flv"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></a></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">PREGUNTA: ¿De qué ser vivo crees
que hay más especies en la Tierra?</span></span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span> </span></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">RESPUESTA: <a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/U03/U03_00_INT_00/video_tierra.html">La vida en la Tierra</a> </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span></div>
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Video: </span><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/U03/U03_01_EPI_01/video_seres_vivos.html"><span lang="ES-TRAD"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Los seres vivos, ¿qué comparten?:</span></span></a><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">ACTIVIDADES</span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Qué es la
biodiversidad?</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Explica por qué un gato
es un ser vivo y un peluche no lo es.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>Actividad interactiva</b> <a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/U03/U03_01_EPI_01/actividad3_1_nb/index.html">tipos de alimentación</a>:</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Resume las semejanzas y
diferencias existentes entre la nutrición autótrofa y heterótrofa. Pon
ejemplos.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4)<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Explica las diferencias
entre la reproducción sexual<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>y asexual.
¿Qué son los gametos?</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"> </span></div>
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<a href="https://ellaboratoriodefyq.blogspot.com/2015/09/la-celula.html?m=1">La célula (entrada del blog)</a><br /></div>
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<span style="background-color: orange;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">SESIÓN 2, 3, 4:</span></b></span>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: yellow;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background: yellow; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: yellow;">“Todos
los seres vivos tenemos en común que estamos formados por células”</span></b></span></span>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">PREGUNTA:
¿Con qué instrumento podemos adentrarnos en el mundo de lo que no se ve simple
vista?</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/recursos_U03.html"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">RESPUESTA</span></a> </span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">ACTIVIDADES:</span></b></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Define célula.</span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 2.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Qué tipos de células
hay? </span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 3.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Haz una tabla como la de
la página 49 (ejercicio 6) en la que diferencies entre los tipos de células.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Antes de seguir </span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/recursos_U03.html"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">vamos a ver si habéis contestado bien</span></a></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">. </span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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VAMOS A REPASAR LO QUE HEMOS VISTO: <a href="http://ntic.educacion.es/w3/eos/MaterialesEducativos/mem2009/celula_eucariota/alumno/alumno.htm">LA CELULA</a><br />
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<span style="background-color: orange;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">SESIÓN 5:</span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> PREGUNTAS: ¿Qué son los orgánulos?</span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> RESPUESTA: <a href="http://iespoetaclaudio.centros.educa.jcyl.es/sitio/upload/celula_1eso.swf">Aquí</a></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> 4. ¿Qué es la teoría
celular? ¿Qué dice?</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><br /><a href="http://iespoetaclaudio.centros.educa.jcyl.es/sitio/upload/celula_1eso.swf"></a></span></div>
<div class="ListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l3 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> 5.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">LA CÉLULA EUCARIOTA ANIMAL: Construye tu propia célula. Debes de destacar los distintos orgánulos. </span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;"> Se trata de una actividad que puntúa como el informe de prácticas. Dibujar en cartulina una célula. La entrega tiene que ser ANTES DE DOS SEMANAS.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: orange;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">SESIÓN 6:</span></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span><span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background: yellow; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: yellow;">“Los
organismos pluricelulares estamos formados por más de una célula”</span></b></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
<br style="mso-special-character: line-break;" />
</span></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Presentación: </span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Organización seres </span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/recursos_U03.html"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">pluricelulares.</span></a> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></b></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Actividad
interactiva: <a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/U03/U03_01_EPI_03/actividad3_3_nb/index.html">niveles de complejidad</a></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">ACTIVIDADES: </span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Resumen de los niveles
de complejidad de la pág. 50 del libro. </span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2. <span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">¿En cuál nivel te
encuadrarías?</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: orange;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">SESION 7, 8 y 9:</span></b></span></div>
<span style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b> <span style="background-attachment: scroll; background-clip: border-box; background-image: none; background-origin: padding-box; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; background-size: auto;">“La ciencia que se encarga de clasificar los seres vivos
se llama TAXONOMÍA”</span></b></span></span><br />
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</b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Lectura Pag.52</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Presentaciones: </span></b></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">PREGUNTA: ¿Cuántos reinos existen en la naturaleza?</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">RESPUESTA: Los ¿? </span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/recursos_U03.html"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">reinos</span></a></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/recursos_U03.html"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Qué son los virus?</span></a></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Para saber más sobre <a href="http://iespoetaclaudio.centros.educa.jcyl.es/sitio/index.cgi?wid_item=438&wid_seccion=19">los reinos</a> </span><span lang="ES-TRAD"></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Actividad interactiva:
<a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420050/U03/U03_01_EPI_04/actividad3_4_nb/index.html">Comparando taxones ...</a></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420050/U03/U03_01_EPI_04/actividad3_4_nb/index.html"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></a></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="background-color: orange;"><b>SESION 10:</b></span> </span></div>
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<span style="background-color: yellow;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">“La organización y el trabajo en equipo siempre facilita
las cosas”</span></b></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Vamos a agrupar los
siguientes seres vivos en REINOS</span></div>
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Formemos 6 grupos: </span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Cada
grupo se encargará de los siguientes REINOS</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Grupo
1: Reino moneras y reino protoctistas.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Grupo
2: Reino hongos y reino plantas.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Grupo
3: Reino animal – Invertebrados 1 (poríferos, gusanos, artrópodos)</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Grupo
4: Reino animal – Invertebrados 2 (cnidarios, moluscos, equinodermos)</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Grupo 5: Reino animal – Filo cordados
(vertebrados 1): Peces, anfibios, reptiles.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Grupo
6: Reino animal – Filo cordados (vertebrados 2): Aves, mamíferos.</span></div>
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<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Clasificando los seres vivos en su correspondiente “taxón”</span></i></div>
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<b><span style="background-color: orange;"><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">SESIÓN 11</span></span></b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="background: yellow; mso-highlight: yellow;">¿Por qué hay vida en la Tierra?</span></b></span>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">VIDEO:
</span><span lang="ES-TRAD"><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8420134/U03/U03_02_SAD_01/video_marte.html"><span style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">¿Por qué no hay vida en Marte?</span></a></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> Contesta en tu cuaderno
según la información del video.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Lectura:<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">¿Por
qué hay vida en la Tierra?</b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Trabajaremos
la lectura de la <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">pág 54</b> y
realizaremos las actividades propuestas.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: orange;"><b><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">SESIÓN
12: </span></b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="background: yellow; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-highlight: yellow;">ACTIVIDADES DE CIERRE DE TEMA:</span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">PAG. 55: Copia y completa mapa conceptual, PON EJEMPLOS en
cada nivel de organización.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Investiga con tu portátil y encuentra definiciones para:
FUNCIÓN NUTRICIÓN, FUNCIÓN RELACIÓN y FUNCIÓN REPRODUCCIÓN.</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">DEFINE:</span></div>
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</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Nutrición autótrofa</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Nutrición heterótrofa</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Gameto</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Célula</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Procariota</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Eucariota</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Colonia</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Taxón</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"> -<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Especie</span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";">
</span></span></span><span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Del final de TEMA: 2, 7, 11, 12</span><br />
<br />
<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;"><b>¿Son los virus seres vivos? </b> <a href="http://recursos.cnice.mec.es/biosfera/alumno/1ESO/clasica/contenidos7.htm"><b>RESPUESTA</b></a></span></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: 21.3333px;"><br /></span></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;">VIDEOS RELACIONADOS CON LA CÉLULA</span></b></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">* ENFERMEDADES CAUSADAS POR BACTERIAS (PROCARIOTAS)</span></b></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><span style="color: red; font-family: helvetica; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="ListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;"><b><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XK90X1V4zM8" width="320" youtube-src-id="XK90X1V4zM8"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-size: medium;">* LA MITOSIS CELULAR PROCARIOTAS)</span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></b></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lXisSVgRI6s" width="320" youtube-src-id="lXisSVgRI6s"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; 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Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-68698109973182509222022-09-15T22:54:00.003+02:002022-09-15T23:57:00.837+02:00¿Para qué sirve la química?<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uTaQh-XRNk8" width="320" youtube-src-id="uTaQh-XRNk8"></iframe></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">Avec le concept Smart Chemistry Smart Future, nous avons pu voir la contribution des différentes entreprises chimiques à la société.</div><p></p><div><br /></div><div>L'industrie chimique apporte des solutions pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre.</div><div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YExyFMGIkqg" width="320" youtube-src-id="YExyFMGIkqg"></iframe></div><br /><div><br /></div>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-48479396274535405782021-11-04T16:29:00.008+01:002021-11-30T07:02:24.500+01:00Estructura atómica - Enlaces repaso y refuerzo<p> Enlaces para repasar contenidos básicos sobre la ESTRUCTURA ATÓMICA.</p><p><br /></p><p>1. Para repasar la estructura atómica (basado en el modelo de Rutherford y Bohr)</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaLc_eoIfx4-RhG2Ol7qt2uYqD4U8U5vQbzkgfkfsE9jq4a-mNCVIF0pekldDLHyMexb_z6IvrfNo5jLm7BI73FtJ9q2LA9vYFb1sILjXwOqCrT35bwdBKRmMLkkFWLhKjRNFpX0pZ5o-u/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="462" data-original-width="853" height="173" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjaLc_eoIfx4-RhG2Ol7qt2uYqD4U8U5vQbzkgfkfsE9jq4a-mNCVIF0pekldDLHyMexb_z6IvrfNo5jLm7BI73FtJ9q2LA9vYFb1sILjXwOqCrT35bwdBKRmMLkkFWLhKjRNFpX0pZ5o-u/" width="320" /></a></div><p><br /></p><p>La opción GAME es muy buena para repasar cómo se distribuyen los electrones según el modelo de capas del átomo. Puedes practicar magnitudes atómicas A, Z, N, .... </p><a href="http://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/build-an-atom/latest/build-an-atom_en.html" target="_blank">PULSA AQUÍ</a><br /><br /><p></p><p><br /></p><p>2. Para aprender a realizar configuraciones electrónicas (o cómo se distribuyen los electrones alrededor del núcleo)</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4MMvumKmqs4" target="_blank">Nivel 1</a>. Relaciona las configuraciones con el Sistema Periódico.</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LFGzeyWABkc">Nivel 2</a> Incluye configuración electrónica "orbital"</p><p><br /></p><p>3. Vídeo para visualizar cómo se mueven los electrones alrededor del núcleo (aparecen orbitales)</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P2IsIkSn5bk" target="_blank">PULSA AQUI</a> </p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>4. Orbitales atómicos y números cuánticos</p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3AmTrIP-4o">PULSA AQUI</a></p><p><br /></p><p><span style="color: #0000ee;"><u><a href="https://youtu.be/zwisiN5XWh8" target="_blank">Otro video sobre números cuánticos </a><br /></u></span></p><p><span style="color: #0000ee;"><u><br /></u></span></p><p>--------------------------------------------------------------------------<br /><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3AmTrIP-4o"></a></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3AmTrIP-4o"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/tuZUuQS5lek" width="320" youtube-src-id="tuZUuQS5lek"></iframe></a></div><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f3AmTrIP-4o"><br /></a><p></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-60249727730915436472021-06-17T16:49:00.003+02:002021-06-20T13:17:52.607+02:00Prueba Química PEvAU Andalucía Junio 2021<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3d9_38ZVbvwKZvjfgbC0HZ6bTvxBbETkjgcC-esjz3TAOV16KeVpR3c_xzJB2kHyDc1J9t4o3vldR_YiRK-4vPWGwuKMMOzZvD6rAlyYwDCf_MSBkLelCTZijeHAe7MAUFiJuMrN66Iy5/s1600/IMG-20210617-WA0003.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3d9_38ZVbvwKZvjfgbC0HZ6bTvxBbETkjgcC-esjz3TAOV16KeVpR3c_xzJB2kHyDc1J9t4o3vldR_YiRK-4vPWGwuKMMOzZvD6rAlyYwDCf_MSBkLelCTZijeHAe7MAUFiJuMrN66Iy5/w300-h400/IMG-20210617-WA0003.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJrLWHrSwHqjG3l7bquc2_2uOtOTx1gaC0iiK1ZoL1eqIAk6cMsP-G2n3Vd-PqiUk8SB5gHU3_0i9FfkZsfs0W2yLhLWPFuLLG4hikfxSugFPPiFFsSLTAVTkIwNsRYKAC1vZbcMP2whrV/s1600/IMG-20210617-WA0002.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJrLWHrSwHqjG3l7bquc2_2uOtOTx1gaC0iiK1ZoL1eqIAk6cMsP-G2n3Vd-PqiUk8SB5gHU3_0i9FfkZsfs0W2yLhLWPFuLLG4hikfxSugFPPiFFsSLTAVTkIwNsRYKAC1vZbcMP2whrV/w300-h400/IMG-20210617-WA0002.jpg" width="300" /></a></div><br /><p></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-48143904206318734732021-06-16T23:55:00.009+02:002021-06-17T16:41:55.281+02:00Prueba Física PEvAU Andalucía Junio 2021<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb8dwHZh5jwJjwq9uASOhkDJaEce9HOkuECtv4rSw0lVZuKWjnYLyahE-ybF-XWCMzCK7qD45_qLh29KYmX3fFG2IluEoOgq-nIdXGnX4kdfLMLCBCsvSr8IyslGQVEKC_ID50eIS-YcLp/s2016/IMG-20210616-WA0014.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhb8dwHZh5jwJjwq9uASOhkDJaEce9HOkuECtv4rSw0lVZuKWjnYLyahE-ybF-XWCMzCK7qD45_qLh29KYmX3fFG2IluEoOgq-nIdXGnX4kdfLMLCBCsvSr8IyslGQVEKC_ID50eIS-YcLp/w480-h640/IMG-20210616-WA0014.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZTdp6TTiRtwHrFZ6moYzMDWwQOZx8QgAuOrAFWkGtdIS3dZQ4kKXVIX3p3P1o1Idp0Jdtcoy2f_AXFJqxZHEAZcPRk5C1INLu3LRm4triEbh9VFfXtxV3yxItFbTvRigxFdaJ2KVjF-6s/s2016/IMG-20210616-WA0015.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2016" data-original-width="1512" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZTdp6TTiRtwHrFZ6moYzMDWwQOZx8QgAuOrAFWkGtdIS3dZQ4kKXVIX3p3P1o1Idp0Jdtcoy2f_AXFJqxZHEAZcPRk5C1INLu3LRm4triEbh9VFfXtxV3yxItFbTvRigxFdaJ2KVjF-6s/w480-h640/IMG-20210616-WA0015.jpg" width="480" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">Aquí está el ejercicio 1 resuelto.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"> Entiendo que nos piden la relación entre alturas h1/h2 y la relación entre velocidades v1/v3. La clave está en que la Ec1=Ep1</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">- Entiendo que valorarán positivamente enunciar el principio de conservación de la energía mecánica (P.C.E.M.) y explicar las transferencias energéticas.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">- Hay que realizar un análisis energético y vigilar el uso del subíndices. </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">- El apartado b) se realizará por energía y hay que explicar el significado físico del trabajo de rozamiento.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">- Queda más formal si operamos con letras y sustituimos letras al final.👌</div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5h1I2pylmrDw__SVzZBI_Nxf_GQ6qyEtRZc7IdvEsY28HxIbbbQP8zQyi37jT35LP_EmpvRpOimy0zQW_kzvFzqgIqNWLDVzIK_zapai66UQG-iTNEpo33j3HiQRYIF7mIpsIOmWDev7t/s2048/IMG_20210616_211825.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1378" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5h1I2pylmrDw__SVzZBI_Nxf_GQ6qyEtRZc7IdvEsY28HxIbbbQP8zQyi37jT35LP_EmpvRpOimy0zQW_kzvFzqgIqNWLDVzIK_zapai66UQG-iTNEpo33j3HiQRYIF7mIpsIOmWDev7t/w430-h640/IMG_20210616_211825.jpg" width="430" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrY1QmZfHTbe_9fMdqYDo2EYzsM_ZQfeirWish8VGCqhADw8QQqzPH6pSrm1XDPl8Hr_pj3GJnrYHqcHogzGjY0Qrz8mt1bc8jK6tta6iczIt1PedYDaDJjpmCddKV4KIz7ONVkt5btF6/s2048/IMG_20210617_164123.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1422" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhNrY1QmZfHTbe_9fMdqYDo2EYzsM_ZQfeirWish8VGCqhADw8QQqzPH6pSrm1XDPl8Hr_pj3GJnrYHqcHogzGjY0Qrz8mt1bc8jK6tta6iczIt1PedYDaDJjpmCddKV4KIz7ONVkt5btF6/w444-h640/IMG_20210617_164123.jpg" width="444" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-72059414072868560012021-05-16T15:57:00.006+02:002021-05-25T17:33:11.794+02:00Física nuclear: Mapa conceptual<p> En plena revolución digital... Nunca está de más un mapa conceptual manuscrito. </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqGGzqbebkQ1V7bgwPSOyI4GyzCN2aotFbxeouI4dDrBKEk3BkHWdiZ0jzQ5IV3RoMrSnoHzBV0J-3UxeyljWW1GLzj3MBMrtGzMLbnp4KasU3pdS9bFc3nWBE01dJfppEJRXtvKgLhkqq/s2048/IMG_20210520_175435.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1466" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqGGzqbebkQ1V7bgwPSOyI4GyzCN2aotFbxeouI4dDrBKEk3BkHWdiZ0jzQ5IV3RoMrSnoHzBV0J-3UxeyljWW1GLzj3MBMrtGzMLbnp4KasU3pdS9bFc3nWBE01dJfppEJRXtvKgLhkqq/s320/IMG_20210520_175435.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKFnZn-dXZ1fm-PiBjNObSl5qI3uEipAHUrMBHGdlHmUrO1z3dyrzvaZYRjT8JD-DtJ_gnDISn811W_QizxGHWS3oth6goco5iGYQ82ZpsBS17M9zKu7XhdVdcBtgWxnMVsTD2v6Eo5Aw4/s1905/IMG_20210516_155002.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1905" data-original-width="1080" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKFnZn-dXZ1fm-PiBjNObSl5qI3uEipAHUrMBHGdlHmUrO1z3dyrzvaZYRjT8JD-DtJ_gnDISn811W_QizxGHWS3oth6goco5iGYQ82ZpsBS17M9zKu7XhdVdcBtgWxnMVsTD2v6Eo5Aw4/s320/IMG_20210516_155002.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-44170396602967177772021-04-24T17:02:00.000+02:002021-04-24T17:02:02.071+02:00Prueba escrita trabajo y energía en el universo MARVEL<p> Versión 🅱️ #frikiexamen donde se desarrollan importantes contenidos de Física contextualizados al #UniversoMarvel. Acompañad con una versión 🅰️</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZJGmbOKLOEjXubPIsc9IVSm-ffT06eGQX7fRpBOrCM-gJR2IOXcsDf_PjQ5m1z3CWyds0kZlBuAH12Bhxd7bkBj6HmVDU_s4XH4rrwySchQaUaQxH8MannZzxlfEFrjwLNjwrcYSF2JoS/s1050/IMG_20210424_163829_467.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1050" data-original-width="1050" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZJGmbOKLOEjXubPIsc9IVSm-ffT06eGQX7fRpBOrCM-gJR2IOXcsDf_PjQ5m1z3CWyds0kZlBuAH12Bhxd7bkBj6HmVDU_s4XH4rrwySchQaUaQxH8MannZzxlfEFrjwLNjwrcYSF2JoS/s320/IMG_20210424_163829_467.jpg" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-91616009888079140872021-04-14T23:39:00.002+02:002021-04-17T16:28:41.965+02:00Óptica Física Geométrica<p>La óptica geométrica u óptica física es la parte de la física basada en las leyes de Snell y que explica la formación de imágenes en instrumentos ópticos, incluido el ojo humano.</p><p></p><p>Adjunto videos en los que se desarrolla el tema.</p><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLokIgJioo87wlzQCuF2saHnQsA_N6c3fI" target="_blank">Lista de reproducción</a><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Yu8wXj4yq5U" width="320" youtube-src-id="Yu8wXj4yq5U"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/HdP2o5tiFnI" width="320" youtube-src-id="HdP2o5tiFnI"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/45Ao7Q89Egg" width="320" youtube-src-id="45Ao7Q89Egg"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_SNCcHkfCqs" width="320" youtube-src-id="_SNCcHkfCqs"></iframe></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-71026017845411249362021-03-23T20:00:00.004+01:002021-03-23T20:02:33.225+01:00Videos: cálculo de energía mecánica y aplicación del principio de conservación de la energía.<p> </p><p>Cálculo de energía mecánica:<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/atXdOPHgquI" width="320" youtube-src-id="atXdOPHgquI"></iframe></div><br /><p></p><p>https://youtu.be/atXdOPHgquI</p><p><br /></p><p>Aplicación del principio de conservación de la energía (PCEM):</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/7UnIZUE76mM" width="320" youtube-src-id="7UnIZUE76mM"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">https://youtu.be/7UnIZUE76mM</div><br /><p><br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-64420811072385216742021-02-25T00:53:00.000+01:002021-02-25T00:53:26.335+01:00EJERCICIOS DE REPASO DE ESTEQUIOMETRÍA<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-size: large; text-align: justify;">1. Formular y ajustar la siguiente reacción química (método matemático):</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>ácido sulfúrico + aluminio → sulfato de aluminio + hidrógeno</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">2. ¿Dónde existe mayor número de átomos...</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">a) ... en 0,5 moles de SO</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: large;"> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">b) ... en 14 gramos de nitrógeno</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">c) ... en 67,2 litros de helio (c.n.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">d) ... en 4 gramos de hidrógeno?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">(Sol: en 4 g de H</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: large;">) </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Aclaración: podemos usar mol o moles.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">3. ¿Cuántos litros de dióxido de carbono, medidos a 25 ºC y 750 mm de Hg se obtendrán al quemar mil gramos de butano? </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">(Sol: 1.707,7 <b>l</b> de CO</span><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span><span style="font-size: large;">)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">4. Se calentaron 0,685 g de clorato de potasio hasta obtener 113 mL de oxígeno, medido en condiciones normales, ¿qué tanto por ciento de la mezcla se descompuso?</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">(Sol: 60,15 %)</span></div>
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Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-48627381629966942722021-02-16T20:59:00.001+01:002021-02-16T21:01:04.491+01:00Calor y Temperatura. ¿Existe el frío?<b><u><span style="font-size: large;">Diferencia entre calor y temperatura:</span></u></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: x-large;"><u><b>Mecanismos de transmisión de calor:</b></u></span><br />
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<div style="color: purple; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>radiación</u></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqinEZHW7ULyTvLhWl-BwNhpL01qxqGk6JmzJu5PmVCH3lxmunIUnrzZLJyX20ycXKTknTDoLK7-YmQZSXr3l7Ly0TPzAfgvJ3iYvnwcS35LlF0Xyqdq1GOjEzsoP3UfnIqJ-78Ney6pkz/s1600/yj.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqinEZHW7ULyTvLhWl-BwNhpL01qxqGk6JmzJu5PmVCH3lxmunIUnrzZLJyX20ycXKTknTDoLK7-YmQZSXr3l7Ly0TPzAfgvJ3iYvnwcS35LlF0Xyqdq1GOjEzsoP3UfnIqJ-78Ney6pkz/s320/yj.jpg" width="274" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><br />
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<b><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://www.educaplus.org/play-324-Transmisi%C3%B3n-del-calor-por-conducci%C3%B3n.html">conducción</a> y <a href="http://www.educaplus.org/play-320-Transmisi%C3%B3n-del-calor-por-convecci%C3%B3n.html">convección</a></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-size: medium;">¿Existe el frío?</span><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/DWgLww5qito" width="320" youtube-src-id="DWgLww5qito"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;">Y para repasar la relación del calor con los cambios de estado: </span><a href="http://concurso.cnice.mec.es/cnice2005/93_iniciacion_interactiva_materia/curso/materiales/estados/cambios.htm" style="text-align: left;" target="_blank">PULSA AQUI</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br />Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-10278438627116079752021-02-08T14:31:00.003+01:002021-02-08T14:35:21.284+01:00Experiencias caseras de electromagnetismo <p> Comparto un vídeo muy interesante del canal "IDEAS en 5 minutos" en el que con unas pilas y algunos objetos metálicos podéis experimentar con el electromagnetismo.</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/P89EWREo8A4" width="320" youtube-src-id="P89EWREo8A4"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://youtu.be/P89EWREo8A4" target="_blank">Enlace aquí</a><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-47596619601961436132021-02-04T07:39:00.004+01:002021-02-04T19:13:12.488+01:00La leyenda del ajedrez y los granos de trigo<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjmQ5V5UI40ihTxp-Cejh4dN4A-VP958Q7eeOSccjIUbFHrA9Uhx7biPxGorQZ0qGgGXgsWtS15bsCoC8yzm8ryetBQzw4v03gEc_9Gjuwc8Qg_5g9iKUllHhQp0vk9nmO2p-QFIpi6qR9/s720/1605610737_616688_1605610870_noticia_normal_recorte1.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="405" data-original-width="720" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjmQ5V5UI40ihTxp-Cejh4dN4A-VP958Q7eeOSccjIUbFHrA9Uhx7biPxGorQZ0qGgGXgsWtS15bsCoC8yzm8ryetBQzw4v03gEc_9Gjuwc8Qg_5g9iKUllHhQp0vk9nmO2p-QFIpi6qR9/s320/1605610737_616688_1605610870_noticia_normal_recorte1.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://i0.wp.com/matematicascercanas.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/leyenda_ajedrez.jpg?w=600" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="203" src="http://i0.wp.com/matematicascercanas.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/leyenda_ajedrez.jpg?w=600" width="413" /></a></div>
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Este año el ajedrez vuelve a estar de moda. La serie "Gambito de dama" de cierta plataforma televisiva y el avance exponencial de cierto virus, me hacen recordar el inicio de ajedrez. ¿Mito o realidad? Cada uno y cada una que extraiga sus propias conclusiones.<div><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxQh-jEc5KTS37GCfPpNK5K-WoP33eFbbTuc0Skx-DUUlCysgcbRY8xt-dTemPFg6hHpmh6BS8lqF1Tu8nhyg' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div><br /><div><br /><div>
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Os recomiendo visitar este enlace para conocer la historia: <a href="http://matematicascercanas.com/2014/03/10/la-leyenda-del-tablero-de-ajedrez-y-los-granos-de-trigo/">AQUÍ</a></div><div><br /></div><div>Si no, aquí tienes otra historia contada en un vídeo;<br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/hV01KLSOd-E/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/hV01KLSOd-E?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">¿Y qué tiene que ver la física y química? Para saberlo visita <a href="https://ellaboratoriodefyq.blogspot.com/2013/02/el-porque-de-multiplos-y-submultiplos.html?m=1">este enlace </a>del blog.</div>
<br /></div></div>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-67343874890606314402021-01-31T22:15:00.011+01:002021-02-01T16:21:52.760+01:00¿Cómo medirías la altura de un edificio usando un barómetro? <h2 style="text-align: justify;">A veces comento en clase sobre cómo, aparte de seguir un procedimiento en la resolución de problemas en Física, la creatividad es una vía bastante insólita y, muchas veces, acertada: </h2><p>
</p><p></p><h1 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;"><b><em>¿Cómo medirías la altura de un edificio con un barómetro?</em></b></span></span></h1><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-8-dAe2NKA_YdplRilBI10s4FhXu8Yk26rLgNzoMdN0KH-IqXCr8H4rtYeo9sQJlw8WiacL-2nyQyx_hfbbICDNQUUlqvynXXBA8JLSSOowzFMS3zdZbDZTxiCZpkHHyZVI0NCwpwKD5W/s571/altura+bar%25C3%25B3metro.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="571" data-original-width="478" height="427" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-8-dAe2NKA_YdplRilBI10s4FhXu8Yk26rLgNzoMdN0KH-IqXCr8H4rtYeo9sQJlw8WiacL-2nyQyx_hfbbICDNQUUlqvynXXBA8JLSSOowzFMS3zdZbDZTxiCZpkHHyZVI0NCwpwKD5W/w357-h427/altura+bar%25C3%25B3metro.jpg" width="357" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><p>Sir <b>Ernest Rutherford</b>, presidente de la Sociedad Real Británica y
Premio Nobel de Química en 1908, contaba la siguiente anécdota:</p>
<p><i>Hace algún tiempo, recibí la llamada de un colega. Estaba a punto de
ponerle un cero a un estudiante por la respuesta que había dado en un
problema de física, pese a que éste afirmaba convencidísimo que su
respuesta era absolutamente acertada.</i></p>
<p><i>Profesores y estudiantes acordaron pedir arbitraje de alguien imparcial y fui elegido yo</i>.</p>
<p><i>Leí la pregunta del examen y decía: </i>¿Qué haría usted para determinar la altura de un edificio con la ayuda de un barómetro?</p>
<p><i>El estudiante había respondido:</i> ‘Lleve el barómetro a la azotea del
edificio y átele una cuerda muy larga. Descuélguelo hasta la base del
edificio, marque y mida. La longitud de la cuerda es igual a la longitud
del edificio’.</p>
<p><i>Realmente, el estudiante había planteado un serio problema con la
resolución del ejercicio, porque había respondido a la pregunta,
correcta y completamente.</i></p>
<p><i>Por otro lado, si se le concedía la máxima puntuación, podría
alterar el promedio de su año de estudios, obtener una nota más alta y
así certificar su alto nivel en física; pero la respuesta no confirmaba
que el estudiante tuviera ese nivel.</i></p>
<p><i>Sugerí que se le diera al alumno otra oportunidad. Le concedí seis
minutos para que me respondiera la misma pregunta, pero esta vez con la
advertencia de que en la respuesta debía demostrar sus conocimientos de
física.</i></p>
<p><i>Habían pasado cinco minutos y el estudiante no había escrito nada.</i></p>
<p><i>Le pregunté si deseaba marcharse, pero me contestó que tenía muchas
respuestas al problema. Su dificultad era elegir la mejor de todas.</i></p>
<p><i>Me excusé por interrumpirlo y le rogué que continuara. En el minuto que le quedaba escribió la siguiente respuesta:</i></p>
<p>‘Agarre el barómetro y tírelo al suelo desde la azotea del edificio. Calcule el tiempo de caída con un cronómetro.</p>
<p>Después se aplica la fórmula:</p>
<p>Altura = 1/2.g.t2</p>
<p>(Donde g es la aceleración de la gravedad y t es el tiempo que uno acaba de calcular con el cronómetro)</p>
<p>‘Y así obtenemos la altura del edificio.</p>
<p><i>“En este punto le pregunté a mi colega si el estudiante se podía
retirar. Le dio la nota más alta.”Tras abandonar el despacho, me
reencontré con el estudiante y le pedí que me contara sus otras
respuestas a la pregunta.</i></p>
<p>‘Bueno’, <i>respondió</i>, ‘hay muchas maneras. Por ejemplo, agarras el
barómetro en un día soleado y mides la altura del barómetro y la
longitud de su sombra.</p>
<p>Si medimos a continuación la longitud de la sombra del edificio y
aplicamos una simple proporción, obtendremos también la altura del
edificio.</p>
<p>“<i>Perfecto, le dije, ¿y de otra manera? </i>‘Sí, contestó, éste es un
procedimiento muy básico para medir un edificio, pero también sirve. En
este método, agarras el barómetro y te sitúas en las escaleras del
edificio en la planta baja. A medida que vas subiendo las escaleras, vas
marcando la altura del barómetro y cuentas el número de marcas hasta la
azotea. Multiplicas al final la altura del barómetro por el número de
marcas que hiciste y ya tenés la altura. Este es un método muy directo.</p>
<p>Por supuesto, si lo que uno quiere es un procedimiento más
sofisticado, puede atar el barómetro a una cuerda y moverlo como si
fuera un péndulo. Si calculamos que cuando el barómetro está a la altura
de la azotea la gravedad es cero<span style="color: #0b5394;"> (como bien sabes la gravedad no es cero sobre la superficie del planeta, se refiere a la velocidad...) </span>y si tenemos en cuenta la medida de la
aceleración de la gravedad al descender el barómetro en trayectoria
circular al pasar por la perpendicular del edificio, de la diferencia de
estos valores, y aplicando una sencilla formula trigonométrica,
podríamos calcular, sin duda, la altura del edificio.</p>
<p>En este mismo estilo de sistema, atas el barómetro a una cuerda y lo
descuelgas desde la azotea a la calle. Usándolo como un péndulo puedes
calcular la altura midiendo su período. En fin, concluyo,
existen otras muchas maneras.</p>
<p>Probablemente, la mejor sea tomar el barómetro y golpear con él la
puerta de la casa del conserje. Cuando abra, decirle: señor conserje,
aquí tengo un bonito barómetro. Si usted me dice la altura de este
edificio, se lo regalo.</p>
<p><i>En este momento de la conversación, le pregunté si no conocía la
respuesta convencional al problema (la diferencia de presión marcada por
un barómetro en dos lugares diferentes nos proporciona la diferencia de
altura entre ambos lugares).</i></p>
<p><u><i>Me dijo que sí, que evidentemente la conocía, pero que durante sus
estudios, sus profesores habían intentado enseñarle a pensar.</i></u></p>
<p><span style="color: #cc0000;">El estudiante se llamaba <b>Niels Bohr,</b> físico danés, premio Nobel de
Física en 1922, más conocido por su modelo atómico y su colaboración en la compresión de la mecánica cuántica.</span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPmCef3EVwbX7FmTWZz3NZZ4ljsxH6wLl5RKotYvbV6oq3iTFCo9nu2ISz7w5-ttf659ZIHyS9EljTiA3PisEuQQJ8yp-blVWspQSfgY3uBy-RlirDmhqGRtqvY4yAyKoy2h8MGpIMdCa3/s223/rutherford-y-Bohr.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="142" data-original-width="223" height="189" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPmCef3EVwbX7FmTWZz3NZZ4ljsxH6wLl5RKotYvbV6oq3iTFCo9nu2ISz7w5-ttf659ZIHyS9EljTiA3PisEuQQJ8yp-blVWspQSfgY3uBy-RlirDmhqGRtqvY4yAyKoy2h8MGpIMdCa3/w296-h189/rutherford-y-Bohr.jpg" width="296" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">Ernest Rutherford. Niels Bohr.</div>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-40113516275833581432021-01-31T14:38:00.009+01:002021-01-31T22:33:43.387+01:00Inducción electromagnética: Vídeos, simuladores e imágenes<div><p></p><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"> Comparto imágenes y vídeos explicativos que servirán para comprender mejor este importante fenómeno que ha permitido muchos desarrollos tecnológicos y el consiguiente avance social.</span></span></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>1. Recorrido histórico: El Universo Mecánico.</b> <br /></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/-M_rExm6zAs" width="320" youtube-src-id="-M_rExm6zAs"></iframe></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><br /></span></span></div><p style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-M_rExm6zAs</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: arial;"><span><span style="font-size: medium;">2. Ley de Faraday-Henry-Lenz.</span></span></span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> Applets:</span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b> </b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://phet.colorado.edu/sims/html/faradays-law/latest/faradays-law_es.html" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Ley de Faraday-Henry </b></span></span></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/electromag/java/lenzlaw/index.html" target="_blank">Ley de Lenz</a></span></span></b></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzT3sfGoNU8q9RJGCSuljz7oxW7-RRDWodmSo7iFKteKm53FDK0UViiLd6t0SWqiles1e7_kad_49NKOqk6Ag' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></span></span></div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /> </span></span></div><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;">3. Aplicaciones: Generadores y alternadores. Motores.</span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><b><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phes/generator_es.htm" target="_blank">Generador de corrientes inducidas</a><br /></span></span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><a href="https://www.walter-fendt.de/html5/phes/electricmotor_es.htm" target="_blank">Motor de corriente continua.</a></b><br /></span></span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_ElDk6hKRu6BNxEbwDu8cmMFPOulbSZL-mF-_OzmuAp0vAZzB7VVe8qxwoMGYrZkmkVq0pjpZ6ddI_LGhgpP3opVtOeMXL_csP9N4zUTX0Ny7qGMtVgsB5aSYQmzJu-oRmvHy6yWVQ30g/s500/Dynamo.wechsel.wiki.v.1.00.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; 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text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnGufxvt0_HMw6WT5DU_jI9E5MjVdXqByUiWEw3A2KqE7GGKd0wuwKO-XXgewtsCX9D7BBXE6_Bwo81OrE7G0yHsiDLjNGBe0kTVViqlV5klwJ3iTO-BKQlK2bd0lp6tMaZD2vcRC-9zgl/s294/emf1_mov.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="210" data-original-width="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjnGufxvt0_HMw6WT5DU_jI9E5MjVdXqByUiWEw3A2KqE7GGKd0wuwKO-XXgewtsCX9D7BBXE6_Bwo81OrE7G0yHsiDLjNGBe0kTVViqlV5klwJ3iTO-BKQlK2bd0lp6tMaZD2vcRC-9zgl/s0/emf1_mov.gif" /></a></div><br /> </div><img border="0" data-original-height="212" data-original-width="328" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirzuqaWXEFI7uGmc8m9N4QcjSo4xayX1vVFn1GMTDxAQ0mi00xX3QDZe7V06w-AR3iV2i6jiMjydMYBv_yi0m0ZKLmgG-hVclLlkeGdg1AEYiNr2PJPBnd-hJRRVSenNKgZSYK1lbk6Za3/s320/alternadoranimado.gif" width="320" /></div></span></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh_ElDk6hKRu6BNxEbwDu8cmMFPOulbSZL-mF-_OzmuAp0vAZzB7VVe8qxwoMGYrZkmkVq0pjpZ6ddI_LGhgpP3opVtOeMXL_csP9N4zUTX0Ny7qGMtVgsB5aSYQmzJu-oRmvHy6yWVQ30g/s500/Dynamo.wechsel.wiki.v.1.00.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3V5ZNwAQwYk5HUL5vMn_cL5FL-NioYY4Fcc8FCJkOwrBw9zNS9Tc0WbJbw3apVXDmqS2fCKr1arvXbyaSrTpD0y3WDDJz3jwWGKBnyZLfO3OhnEiNw1rINSiX_diUdwWdCLSF8ImOmnhy/s600/Electric_motor.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3V5ZNwAQwYk5HUL5vMn_cL5FL-NioYY4Fcc8FCJkOwrBw9zNS9Tc0WbJbw3apVXDmqS2fCKr1arvXbyaSrTpD0y3WDDJz3jwWGKBnyZLfO3OhnEiNw1rINSiX_diUdwWdCLSF8ImOmnhy/s320/Electric_motor.gif" /></a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: verdana;"><br /><br /><br /></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></span></div><p style="text-align: left;">CON EN ESTE BLOG... PUEDES<a href="https://ellaboratoriodefyq.blogspot.com/2011/02/induccion-electromagnetica.html" target="_blank"> VIAJAR AL PASADO</a> <br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-38877903311216335182021-01-24T14:53:00.006+01:002021-01-25T18:22:36.809+01:00Conductores rectilíneos indefinidos: CAMPO MAGNÉTICO Y FUERZA MAGNÉTICA ENTRE CONDUCTORES.<p> <br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2aEfd2Pc7UpCVAQqDqPGqnfO53ncBad8KgPPKagzO_5D9YS1AFVZ4xMpjafnpz7dtLLW9HlGgapACGosPOzV4Fl_kfR9eEl6one7qdpoLQ8dgmiPFxcyZ2UrgHYLAzJZ44rX8zyDQhWl7/s638/hans-oersted-magnets.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="368" data-original-width="638" height="274" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2aEfd2Pc7UpCVAQqDqPGqnfO53ncBad8KgPPKagzO_5D9YS1AFVZ4xMpjafnpz7dtLLW9HlGgapACGosPOzV4Fl_kfR9eEl6one7qdpoLQ8dgmiPFxcyZ2UrgHYLAzJZ44rX8zyDQhWl7/w474-h274/hans-oersted-magnets.jpg" width="474" /> </a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Por un lado, CORRIENTES ELÉCTRICAS (cargas en movimiento) producen CAMPOS MAGNÉTICOS.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Por otro lado, CAMPOS MAGNÉTICOS EXTERNOS (o producidos por la corriente cercana de otro conductor) producen FUERZAS MAGNÉTICAS sobre cargas en movimiento.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGUATyyKvntmnPi_acZOXhC4NLJoqgzAKnjCN9qTJRqYSgLEvORdSlJ4A0V36yh3V5xsxGrJVWPrd1j_ZKqcS_Whlpngei6jJRwZ678VSQTiI-QOUNjkZ-bruPgjd8DvElUdC56aPZPEml/s305/CONDUCTORES.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="165" data-original-width="305" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiGUATyyKvntmnPi_acZOXhC4NLJoqgzAKnjCN9qTJRqYSgLEvORdSlJ4A0V36yh3V5xsxGrJVWPrd1j_ZKqcS_Whlpngei6jJRwZ678VSQTiI-QOUNjkZ-bruPgjd8DvElUdC56aPZPEml/w417-h225/CONDUCTORES.png" width="417" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">He intentado aclarar este complejo campo del ELECTROMAGNETISMO, conductores y circuitos en una serie de vídeos explicativos de corta duración que podéis ver aquí: <a href="https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLokIgJioo87yPXFdHFXPNb3RFhBT7Qk-E">Lista de reproducción</a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>VÍDEO: </b></span>"Cómo pasar de la expresión de la fuerza magnética para una carga en movimiento a la expresión de la fuerza magnética sobre un conductor rectilíneo e indefinido"</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/XthXgf4ZURA" width="320" youtube-src-id="XthXgf4ZURA"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">https://youtu.be/XthXgf4ZURA</div><span style="background-color: #2b00fe;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span> </span></span></span><p></p><p><span style="background-color: #2b00fe;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span> </span></span></span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>VÍDEO: </b></span>"Anulación campo magnético entre conductores"</p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/N4jbRbsCTOY" width="320" youtube-src-id="N4jbRbsCTOY"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">https://youtu.be/N4jbRbsCTOY</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/_2FsPPi-NGw" width="320" youtube-src-id="_2FsPPi-NGw"></iframe></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">https://youtu.be/_2FsPPi-NGw</div><br /><p><br /></p><p><span style="background-color: #2b00fe;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><b>VÍDEO:</b></span> </span></span></span><span style="background-color: #2b00fe;"><span style="color: #2b00fe;"></span></span>"Cálculo de fuerza magnética entre conductores". Primero de una serie de vídeos donde analizaremos distintas situaciones.</p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/vK7XYDraaHg" width="320" youtube-src-id="vK7XYDraaHg"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">https://youtu.be/vK7XYDraaHg</div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/uddwkZx2Fjc" width="320" youtube-src-id="uddwkZx2Fjc"></iframe></div><div style="text-align: center;">https://youtu.be/uddwkZx2Fjc</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><p></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-45143652805177643242021-01-23T22:24:00.005+01:002021-02-01T07:15:56.901+01:00Estreno canal de YOUTUBE<p> Estrenando <a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCuUB1xZuFkaMYrxHE4PRj0w" target="_blank">Canal de Youtube</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYfBQ9kQPC6gmD-Y0mwYHdN0PiZWC-Hcyy_myM8EWZ76h1bhmZoRV0YjWME8qLFCZJ0zJ3Z4yxGJxR7pLgIlQOd4l3poobBewjKpqAL9YQ5ernfzuAh0oWBDfus9WPh6A7vbF-tSij2jMG/s1771/IMG_20210201_071342.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1771" data-original-width="1080" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYfBQ9kQPC6gmD-Y0mwYHdN0PiZWC-Hcyy_myM8EWZ76h1bhmZoRV0YjWME8qLFCZJ0zJ3Z4yxGJxR7pLgIlQOd4l3poobBewjKpqAL9YQ5ernfzuAh0oWBDfus9WPh6A7vbF-tSij2jMG/w390-h640/IMG_20210201_071342.jpg" width="390" /></a></div><br /><p><br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><p><br /></p><p><br /></p>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-23168853051137735842021-01-12T19:33:00.007+01:002022-01-11T19:50:05.115+01:00Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, el padre de la Química.<p style="text-align: justify;"><b></b></p><div class="separator" style="background-color: #ead1dc; clear: both; text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhowkeKS9FODDzNYnW4iDKQAvPbgNzp4m9GZUiNZvQqHOTHWfhPwLymngobIs8MjpqGJP7qBv0SK_NWny-zbUk3pKCTfrFBxBO9HFKyxixATrgOAclXkR4MsPanfmN-4gWNxYqS2bxdj23O/s640/lavo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="360" data-original-width="640" height="249" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhowkeKS9FODDzNYnW4iDKQAvPbgNzp4m9GZUiNZvQqHOTHWfhPwLymngobIs8MjpqGJP7qBv0SK_NWny-zbUk3pKCTfrFBxBO9HFKyxixATrgOAclXkR4MsPanfmN-4gWNxYqS2bxdj23O/w443-h249/lavo.jpg" width="443" /></a></b></div><b><b><div style="text-align: center;"><b><b><span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"> <span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="color: #333333;"><span>"Nada se pierde, nada se crea, todo se transforma". </span></span></span></b></b></div></b></b><p></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span>Podríamos enunciar así, su famoso </span></span><big style="background-color: #cc99ff; color: #663366; text-align: justify;"><b>principio de conservación de la masa o ley de Lavoisier: </b></big><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span>"<i>En una reacción química la cantidad de materia se conserva</i>". Es decir, la masa total de la masa de los reactivos es igual a la masa total de la masa de productos.</span></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;">Pero, ... ¿Quién era Lavoisier?</span></span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></p><p><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="color: black;"><u>RESPONDE A LAS SIGUIENTES PREGUNTAS</u></b><span style="color: black;">:</span></span></span></p><p><span face="Roboto, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gRSACk0kZxM" width="320" youtube-src-id="gRSACk0kZxM"></iframe></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><u><br /></u></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Tras visionar el siguiente vídeo: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gRSACk0kZxM&feature=emb_title">VÍDEO</a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">1. ¿Cuáles eran los cuatro elementos para los griegos? ¿Estaban equivocados?</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">2. ¿Qué nacionalidad tenía Lavoisier? ¿En qué época vivió? ¿Qué importante hecho histórico tuvo lugar?</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">3. ¿A qué se le denominaba "<b>FLOGISTO</b>"?</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">4. Explica la frase<i> "en la naturaleza nada se crea, ni se destruye, solo se transforma"</i>.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">5. ¿Qué opinaba Lavoisier sobre el agua? ¿De qué gases está formada?</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">6. ¿Por qué crees que dice que "<i>el nitrógeno no sostiene la vida, ni la combustión</i>"?</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">7. ¿Qué querrá decir la afirmación del vídeo <i>es importante "armonizar" todos los sistemas de medida</i>?</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">8. ¿Qué es la <b>alquimia</b>? (Investiga)</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">9. ¿</span><span style="font-size: large;">Qué etapa del método científico hizo que la alquimia se convirtiera en Química, una ciencia? </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;">10. ¿Por qué crees que es considerado el padre de la Química?</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /></span>Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-9665015196186377302021-01-10T21:17:00.001+01:002021-01-10T21:17:52.063+01:00Los cambios de estado y la Teoría Cinético-Molecular o Teoría Cinética de Materia (TCM)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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Antes de nada, definamos la <b>MATERIA </b>como<b style="color: #073763;"> <span style="font-size: large;">"todo aquello que ocupa un espacio, tiene una duración en el tiempo y una propiedad fundamental (y extensiva) llamada masa". </span></b><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">La materia puede presentarse en estado Sólido, Líquido o Gaseoso.</span></span><b style="color: #073763;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
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Hay sustancias, como el agua, que podemos encontrar en nuestro planeta en los tres estados de agregación. <br />
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dwNzGH9lS6Ycv6uGsVodDJSyK9VA2pdDW_Awx6vCCF7jmHvKdeN2sF6GKs2ihodPH9_4-Bz7PsimytuwIKBdA' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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A una presión constante, si cambiamos la temperatura, la materia se puede presentar en distintos estados o estados de agregación. Véamos el siguiente <b>diagrama:</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSwtX2Veq_i9PXHOLqWjGLIsQp2N0VYw9DkMffCsXrcDXR8OPYvX7PwwmIOULjp6-CtGRHPwlU_Y7UstH7M4gC04mIvbc-oXos5FZflAL3bG2cecf-_DoU9llQD0rdy_1xJWEbKff0HI/s1600/CAMBIOS.gif" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="338" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpSwtX2Veq_i9PXHOLqWjGLIsQp2N0VYw9DkMffCsXrcDXR8OPYvX7PwwmIOULjp6-CtGRHPwlU_Y7UstH7M4gC04mIvbc-oXos5FZflAL3bG2cecf-_DoU9llQD0rdy_1xJWEbKff0HI/s1600/CAMBIOS.gif" width="400" /></a></div>
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En este curso aprenderá<span style="color: black;">s la</span><b style="color: black;"> <span style="background-color: yellow; font-size: large;">TEORÍA CINÉTICO-MOLECULAR o TCM</span><span style="background-color: yellow;">,</span> </b><span style="color: black;">un modelo para explicar los estados d</span>e agregación y sus cambios (además, de otros procesos -como el de disolución-),<br />
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En principio fue postulada para explicar las propiedades físicas de los gases: Esta teoría
tiene varios <span style="font-size: large;"><b>postulados</b></span> (hipótesis o suposiciones):<br />
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span> Los gases están formados por unas <b><u>partículas
extremadamente pequeñas</u></b> (no se ven ni con un microscopio potentísimo), llamadas <b><span style="font-size: large;">moléculas</span>.</b>
El volumen de estas moléculas es despreciable comparado con el volumen del gas -entre las moléculas de gas hay gran cantidad de <b>espacio vacio </b>o, dicho de otra forma,<b> están <u>muy separadas entre sí</u>-</b>.<br />
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<span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span>Las
moléculas del gas están siempre moviéndose. Moléculas <u><b>en continuo movimiento</b></u>, en línea recta y al azar, con
distintas velocidades -unas más rápidas y otras más lentas-; se habla de velocidad promedio. Las moléculas chocan (de forma <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=voPWWBMg9vw&feature=related">elástica)</a> unas con otras y contra las paredes del
recipiente.<span style="font-family: "symbol";"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span><br />
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<b> La
velocidad promedio de las moléculas depende de la <span style="font-size: large;">temperatura</span></b>. A mayor
temperatura del gas, mayor velocidad promedio, y viceversa. Es decir, velocidad y temperatura son directamente proporcionales. </div>
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<span style="font-family: "times new roman";"> <b><span style="color: orange;">*</span></b> </span>Las<u><b><span style="font-size: large;"> fuerzas de atracción <span style="font-size: small;">o </span>cohesión</span> y de repulsión</b></u> entre las
moléculas, en el caso de los <b style="color: black;"><span style="background-color: yellow; font-size: large;">gases</span></b><span style="font-size: large;">,</span> son despreciables o muy débiles. Por ello, las moléculas son incapaces de manternerse unidas.</div>
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La <span style="font-size: large;"><b>presión</b></span>
se interpreta como producida por los choques de las moléculas con las paredes
del recipiente.</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><object height="385" width="480"><param name="movie" value="https://www.youtube.com/v/vabV5HfvfN0&hl=es_ES&fs=1&" />
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<br /><embed allowfullscreen="true" allowscriptaccess="always" height="385" src="https://www.youtube.com/v/vabV5HfvfN0&hl=es_ES&fs=1&" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="480"></embed></object></span></div>
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Posteriormente
para explicar los líquidos y los sólidos se añadieron otros postulados:<br />
<span style="color: orange;">*</span> En el caso de los<b> <span style="background-color: yellow; color: black; font-size: large;">sólidos</span></b> las fuerzas de atracción entre las partículas son muy intensas.<br />
<span style="color: orange;">*</span> En el caso de los <span style="font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: yellow; color: black;">líquidos</b>,</span> menos. Esto permite a las partículas fluir (desplazarse manteniéndose juntas).</div>
Ahora los cambios de estado podemos interpretarlos así:<br />
<br />
<img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPxdOCzNm0N_AnoL60WoDanOD-L2cljG0fsD5u579zGoxn6Fz2NeNfgX9omaId9hL2O9ymVi97riwuK8k-z93NL72a-6pYTH_W3pmDHIRRn0hfHXWyZ0waqq4DuGlpZEJosJ5gFZ5pjoZG/s640/Cambiosfdelagua.jpg" /><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitLm1WHJSlm5fMQgdQ02_L8hSF1JEYRB7Vb2AGxrZXNUMXhfk7eYNJz93tQv4y3xmkebMX2NU5S7WiaE5BFfx99h4kChMx7YI8zuXwN86m_TOPr4bTVVlnKlWVaNDLRgkW2Z2i82zjZk/s400/cambios+de+estado.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="197" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiitLm1WHJSlm5fMQgdQ02_L8hSF1JEYRB7Vb2AGxrZXNUMXhfk7eYNJz93tQv4y3xmkebMX2NU5S7WiaE5BFfx99h4kChMx7YI8zuXwN86m_TOPr4bTVVlnKlWVaNDLRgkW2Z2i82zjZk/s400/cambios+de+estado.png" width="400" /></a></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzaPItfuoZLveFBgvCNBa_GtYJnw6O_pm-5pe0wW_kcbuIiXjphlXrAUhklsIPvT_llv2Me1UjGhpOTYekRGQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<br />
<br />
<b>... ¡ATENCIÓN!</b>, pregunta:<br />
<div style="color: black;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><b>¿Cómo explicarías los estados de agregación de la materia a través de la TCM? ¿Y los cambios de estado?</b></span></i><br />
<div style="color: blue;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></div>
<span style="color: blue; font-size: large;">Para profundizar en este tema pulsa</span><i><span style="font-size: large;"><b> <a href="http://www.educaplus.org/gases/estagregacion.html">aquí</a> </b></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i>
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="http://www.edistribucion.es/anayaeducacion/8440043/unidad_02.html">Actividades</a></b></span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i>
<i><span style="font-size: large;">NOW IN ENGLISH</span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></i>
<i><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CMUmQRgJAo0">VIDEO</a> AND <a href="https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/56d8d51e1e6e85bb4d45a513/phase-changes">GAME</a></span></i></div>
Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-34135109176348073182020-12-18T18:23:00.000+01:002020-12-18T18:23:51.794+01:00Los cambios de la materia<div style="background-color: orange;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: orange; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri;">¿CAMBIOS FÍSICOS O QUÍMICOS? </span></b></span></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 36pt; text-align: left; text-indent: -18pt;">
<u><b><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD";"><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"></span></span></b></u><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD";"><u><b>Actividad inicial:</b></u> Realice una tabla con dos columnas (CAMBIOS
FÍSICOS Y CAMBIOS QUIMICOS) en la que incluya de forma adecuada los siguientes
cambios: </span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- La combustión de la gasolina en un motor
de automóvil, </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la maduración de una fruta, </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la fusión de la cera de una vela, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- tostar crêpes en una sartén, </span></i><br />
<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- respirar, </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la rotura de una tiza, </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la obtención de
cobre a partir de óxido de cobre, </span></i></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la formación de estalactitas y estalagmitas, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la rotura de una botella de vidrio, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la corrosión del hierro, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- quemar un trozo de
carbón, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la formación del arco iris, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- hacer un batido con leche y frutas, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la
desaparición de un perfume cuando el recipiente queda abierto, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- mezclar
mantequilla con azúcar, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- cocer un huevo, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- la obtención de hierro en un alto horno, </span></i></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 13pt;">- batir los ingredientes de la masa de un bizcocho.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Maiandra GD";"></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><a href="http://concurso.cnice.mec.es/cnice2005/35_las_reacciones_quimicas/curso/lrq_cfq.html">Se considera cambio físico.... y químico....</a> </span></b></div>
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<div style="background-color: yellow; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Una disolución NO ES un cambio químico</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDg3QcwMSncEx-QSyElqWSWvPoNxeKy5nYJLw1avIkgvvkhuNfFpsOQDztYqRy1VJuAoTDOw2LJSMbJNovpV63UXsQewKfEf5JcrKLsyvbSyDN1cIxuL5-yAB_psp-x5emQLYu94AGgEay/s1600/No+confundir+con+disolucion.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="464" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDg3QcwMSncEx-QSyElqWSWvPoNxeKy5nYJLw1avIkgvvkhuNfFpsOQDztYqRy1VJuAoTDOw2LJSMbJNovpV63UXsQewKfEf5JcrKLsyvbSyDN1cIxuL5-yAB_psp-x5emQLYu94AGgEay/s640/No+confundir+con+disolucion.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span>
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<div style="background-color: yellow; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Los cambios de estado NO SON cambios químicos</span></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPxdOCzNm0N_AnoL60WoDanOD-L2cljG0fsD5u579zGoxn6Fz2NeNfgX9omaId9hL2O9ymVi97riwuK8k-z93NL72a-6pYTH_W3pmDHIRRn0hfHXWyZ0waqq4DuGlpZEJosJ5gFZ5pjoZG/s1600/Cambiosfdelagua.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="507" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPxdOCzNm0N_AnoL60WoDanOD-L2cljG0fsD5u579zGoxn6Fz2NeNfgX9omaId9hL2O9ymVi97riwuK8k-z93NL72a-6pYTH_W3pmDHIRRn0hfHXWyZ0waqq4DuGlpZEJosJ5gFZ5pjoZG/s640/Cambiosfdelagua.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: orange; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Calibri;">CAMBIOS QUÍMICOS: LA REACCIÓN QUÍMICA</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">En
los procesos químicos, las sustancias puras (simples o compuestas) iniciales
desaparecen y se forman otras sustancias nuevas; las moléculas se rompen,
separándose los átomos, y se forman nuevas moléculas en las que los átomos se
han unido de otra forma. Por tanto, en una reacción química tiene lugar un
reordenamiento de los átomos: <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">LOS ÁTOMOS
NO CAMBIAN, LAS MOLÉCULAS SÍ.</i></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvZwEo-C0xTB9eLUjmv-mO7FFB5SKbiZvuGngYM2HNMhbIcXF8udeG71nvMAJ8gvdsABZyTcaAJ4Bw9wZzOp3e1EHVdFtE7UJlXCAyb0Jr8U4Z4dMxdYZqJfGHlgAcjoiSkdwa5sDPzrC8/s1600/ej.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="77" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvZwEo-C0xTB9eLUjmv-mO7FFB5SKbiZvuGngYM2HNMhbIcXF8udeG71nvMAJ8gvdsABZyTcaAJ4Bw9wZzOp3e1EHVdFtE7UJlXCAyb0Jr8U4Z4dMxdYZqJfGHlgAcjoiSkdwa5sDPzrC8/s320/ej.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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En resumen, <a href="http://concurso.cnice.mec.es/cnice2005/35_las_reacciones_quimicas/curso/lrq_rq.html">Una reacción química</a><br />
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;"></span></u></b></div>
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<div style="background-color: orange; text-align: center;">
<b><span style="font-size: large;"><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Modelo de esferas</span></u></span></b></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Se utilizan para representar una reacción química
(al igual que las ecuaciones químicas). Cada clase de átomo se representa con
una esfera, de igual tamaño y color. Podemos explicar la ley de la conservación
de la masa (Lavoisier), ya que el número de átomos de cada clase permanece
constante. En una reacción química hay el mismo número de átomos tanto en los
reactivos como en los productos. </span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;">Ejemplos de reacciones químicas</span> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDVQIgDS9EenZ9ASylc1qZswFZoKJYTWelfXsM0go-ZYIY-BQUzI_sHGHulxVj0yicZi_0eIgr60txJ6_3Gb5tkZ54LPs-ny4428G4-KzuAfp-rqycTe4S_8fLzAbJmLpqC5EZRxbUAwJc/s1600/CAmbiosenlasreaccQ.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDVQIgDS9EenZ9ASylc1qZswFZoKJYTWelfXsM0go-ZYIY-BQUzI_sHGHulxVj0yicZi_0eIgr60txJ6_3Gb5tkZ54LPs-ny4428G4-KzuAfp-rqycTe4S_8fLzAbJmLpqC5EZRxbUAwJc/s640/CAmbiosenlasreaccQ.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9J46953ps6scbXllnvmyPqiwsH3blmiQWmKsp53LqZ_Xauook0R_E5EP04dBXRjhp6uV1FDX7HFjrp6iihUXwTe0wrAuUdJqaP12ciFNOSXsKwv_CaaWo_N6rLd5rUAr5KaFD_ANw_IOI/s1600/Electrolisis+H2O.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9J46953ps6scbXllnvmyPqiwsH3blmiQWmKsp53LqZ_Xauook0R_E5EP04dBXRjhp6uV1FDX7HFjrp6iihUXwTe0wrAuUdJqaP12ciFNOSXsKwv_CaaWo_N6rLd5rUAr5KaFD_ANw_IOI/s640/Electrolisis+H2O.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSxzzIAmbZGZVGpQWonJB3gOyJ6P0NTDXifqRe3vmwx4sfjBSd6_mx2fCIPGPNtTzHI0GAiimpcscPau9xiajhZoIJQGn9QEieUTrTgoa0fdF5TdA3mz6DsohcdrobJHXbwRm-npJT5Q4p/s1600/SintesisNaCl.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="457" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSxzzIAmbZGZVGpQWonJB3gOyJ6P0NTDXifqRe3vmwx4sfjBSd6_mx2fCIPGPNtTzHI0GAiimpcscPau9xiajhZoIJQGn9QEieUTrTgoa0fdF5TdA3mz6DsohcdrobJHXbwRm-npJT5Q4p/s640/SintesisNaCl.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZzuTNcCwhdB9oOa9FJ4GTbfbHwTL_SFOGa2EZ1iz17RBP6PAW0O3Ee9hlxOFSDsadwIPIQsKmvNCShNy69GJn6C9wYIDsWuXmlu6G2fBj09KydPy9OAw3SQB3LMkmWeluiBeBuThFincA/s1600/Reaccion+Q1+KCLO3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZzuTNcCwhdB9oOa9FJ4GTbfbHwTL_SFOGa2EZ1iz17RBP6PAW0O3Ee9hlxOFSDsadwIPIQsKmvNCShNy69GJn6C9wYIDsWuXmlu6G2fBj09KydPy9OAw3SQB3LMkmWeluiBeBuThFincA/s640/Reaccion+Q1+KCLO3.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSxzzIAmbZGZVGpQWonJB3gOyJ6P0NTDXifqRe3vmwx4sfjBSd6_mx2fCIPGPNtTzHI0GAiimpcscPau9xiajhZoIJQGn9QEieUTrTgoa0fdF5TdA3mz6DsohcdrobJHXbwRm-npJT5Q4p/s1600/SintesisNaCl.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="background-color: orange; text-align: center;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u>Teoría de las colisiones</u></span></span></b></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Una reacción química se produce cuando se rompen
ciertos enlaces en los reactivos y se forman otros nuevos que forman los
productos. Para que esto ocurra es necesario que las moléculas choquen entre sí
con la suficiente energía y con la orientación adecuada.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5PCK8EQsYkj0otQ2i_Tx64xYTNvw0ZTlu22vLuPEZMEA99WjsdrTe6nMQtoRi_3R3dLJjf6GepYPsGZvUmCCfUX5U7OMzEgfzSxGcc4Oc_SqIa9D7yifk6WaASfJ1ucc29U8LcN16WzkF/s1600/colisiones.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="128" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg5PCK8EQsYkj0otQ2i_Tx64xYTNvw0ZTlu22vLuPEZMEA99WjsdrTe6nMQtoRi_3R3dLJjf6GepYPsGZvUmCCfUX5U7OMzEgfzSxGcc4Oc_SqIa9D7yifk6WaASfJ1ucc29U8LcN16WzkF/s320/colisiones.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;">Para entender los choques: <a href="http://www.chem.arizona.edu/chemt/Flash/isomer.html">aquí</a></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: Calibri;">1) Justifica si los
siguientes cambios corresponden a un cambio físico o químico.</span></div>
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CAMBIO __________ </div>
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CAMBIO __________ </div>
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<b style="background-color: orange;"><span style="font-size: large;">LAS REACCIONES QUÍMICAS Y LA ENERGÍA</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"> <span style="font-size: large;">Las reacciones químicas pueden ser:</span></span></div>
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<b><i><span style="background-color: yellow;">EXOTÉRMICAS:</span> </i></b>La energía que se necesita para romper los enlaces de los átomos es menor que la que se desprende cuando se forman los enlaces de los productos. Por tanto, <u><b>desprenden energía</b></u>.</div>
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<object class="BLOGGER-youtube-video" classid="clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" codebase="http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0" data-thumbnail-src="http://2.gvt0.com/vi/oT7mcMKEE_o/0.jpg" height="266" width="320"><param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/oT7mcMKEE_o&fs=1&source=uds" />
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<b><i><span style="background-color: yellow;">ENDOTÉRMICAS:</span> </i></b>Para que se produzcan necesitan el aporte de energía (mediante calentamiento, por ejemplo). Por tanto, los reactivos "absorben" energía.</div>
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Gráficamente se representan así:</div>
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<a href="http://www.100ciaquimica.net/images/temas/tema6/ima/esttranexend.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://www.100ciaquimica.net/images/temas/tema6/ima/esttranexend.gif" /></a></div>
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<u><i><b>ACTIVIDADES:</b></i></u></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">1) ¿Qué factores afectan a la velocidad de una reacción química?</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: large;">2) Según el siguiente vídeo, ¿qué tipos de reacciones químicas existen?</span></div>
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<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.youtube.com/embed/VZ8SWIRs2Bg?feature=player_embedded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">3) Realiza un pequeño estudio sobre reacciones químicas en tu entorno y en tu vida cotidiana</span></div>
</div>
Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3844848480335503051.post-6091430089309064512020-12-10T18:31:00.005+01:002021-10-03T10:25:26.624+02:00FORMULACIÓN INORGÁNICA (Según indicaciones PEvAU)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: red; text-align: center;">
<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-large;">INTRODUCCIÓN</span></b></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> La <b>fórmula química</b> es la representación de los elementos que forman un compuesto y la proporción en que se encuentran (número de átomos que forman una molécula). También nos informa de cómo se han unido esos átomos (enlace químico). Para nombrarlos se emplean reglas de NOMENCLATURA QUÍMICA propuestas por la <b><a href="http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/">IUPAC</a> </b> (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry), un organismo internacional creado, por ej., para unificar la forma de nombrar el ingente número de compuestos orgánicos (compuestos de carbono) que se fue descubriendo en la primero mitad del siglo XX:</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfvc5KitL07kklYh2ilqlDJP8ouG0MvMH973EatqYAT5ro3bd7UOLo8r-EeobapjoYIMnEAomt-RqZXld-BY0aceGzLpcvIY0rtkC0ykd_HMBAB2Hv2WAqassvfVmgw2OTLzqXQvUsvj1q/s1600/image%255B4%255D.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><img border="0" height="267" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfvc5KitL07kklYh2ilqlDJP8ouG0MvMH973EatqYAT5ro3bd7UOLo8r-EeobapjoYIMnEAomt-RqZXld-BY0aceGzLpcvIY0rtkC0ykd_HMBAB2Hv2WAqassvfVmgw2OTLzqXQvUsvj1q/s400/image%255B4%255D.png" width="400" /></span></a></div>
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<u><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">La unión entre átomos: el enlace químico.</span></b></u><br />
<u><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b></u><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> Sabemos que los átomos son neutros (igual número de protones en el núcleo que átomos en la corteza). Sin embargo, esto no significa que esa sea su forma más estable. Salvo los gases nobles, todos los elementos tienen tendencia a ganar o perder electrones, para lo cual se unen a otros átomos, formando moléculas o redes cristalina. Dicha tendencia a ganar o perder electrones es la de completar la última capa del átomo (conseguir "el octete electrónico" como un gas noble) consiguiendo así mayor estabilidad.</span><br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span><b><u><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: yellow; font-size: large;">CLASIFICACIÓN:</span></u></b><br />
<b><u><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: yellow; font-size: large;"><br /></span></u></b><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">La mayoría de compuestos que nos rodean se pueden clasificar en:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">1) <b><u>Compuestos binarios:</u></b> Formados por dos elementos químicos o átomos distintos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">Distinguimos:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A) <b>Óxidos </b>(O<sup>2-</sup>). </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><b>- Haluros de oxígeno </b>(F, Cl, Br, I)</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">B) <b>Hidruros: </b>Combinaciones con el hidrógeno.<b><br /></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"> B1) <b>Hidruros metálicos (MH<sup>- </sup>)</b> En los que M = metal y el hidrógeno actúa con valencia -1</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"> B2) <b>Hidruros no metálicos (HN o H<span>2</span>N</b><b>)</b> En los que N = no metal (halógeno, anfígeno) y el hidrógeno </span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">actúa con valencia +1.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">C) <b>Sales Binarias.</b> Surgen de los hidruros no metálicos (de sustituir H por un M) o de combinarse dos no metales.</span><br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">D) <b>Peróxidos. </b>Combinaciones con el ion peróxido del oxígeno. </span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">2) <b><u>Compuestos ternarios:</u></b> Formados por tres elementos químicos.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">A) <b>Hidróxidos:</b> M(OH)m, donde el grupo hidróxido OH<sup>- </sup>actúa con valencia -1. M= Metal y m su valencia.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">B) <b>Oxoácidos:</b> HaXbOc<sub> </sub>Donde X = No metal; a, b y c, no son las valencias.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3; font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">C) <b>Sales Ternarias:</b> A efectos de formulación surgen de sustituir los H de los oxoácidos por un metal.</span><br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">3) <b><u>Combinaciones cuaternarias:</u></b> Las sales ácidas.</span></span><br />
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<u><b><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: yellow;">Valencia (estado de oxidación) de los elementos:</span></b></u><br />
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<span style="color: #ff3333;"><span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><b>Número
de carga (valencia) y número de oxidación</b></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> <b>Valencia</b>
de un elemento es la carga iónica y se escribe en números arábigos
(n+/n-). Informa sobre el número de electrones que puede
aceptar-ceder (valencia iónica) o compartir (valencia covalente).</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">-
Los <u>metales </u>(o
elementos metálicos) tienen tendencia a desprenderse de electrones
de su última capa y formar iones de carga positiva (cationes). Por
tanto, se considera que la valencia de los metales es positiva.
(valencia iónica). Ej: Fe<sup>2+</sup></span></span></div>
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Los <u>no metales</u>,
sin embargo, tienen tendencia a ganar electrones de un átomo
metálico (formando iones negativos o aniones) o los comparten con
otro no metal. Distinguimos:</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">-
Enlace iónico (Metal + no metal) si se une a un metal (valencia
iónica). Ej: Na<sup>+</sup> y Cl<sup>-</sup></span></span></div>
<ul>
<li><div align="JUSTIFY" style="margin-bottom: 0cm;">
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif">Enlace
covalente (no metal + no metal) compartiendo electrones de la última
capa (valencia covalente).</span></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> El
<b>número o estado de oxidación</b> de un elemento químico es el
número de electrones un átomo recibe (signo menos) o cede (signo
más) al formar una sustancia compuesto. Se expresa en número
romanos.</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"> A
pesar de lo que acabamos de comentar, en internet y en muchos libros
siguen confindiéndose ambos términos y se escribe el número de
oxidación con números arábigos, o no se escribe primero el número
y luego el signo, etc. A la hora de aprender las "valencias"
viene bien la siguiente tabla:</span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span><i style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b style="background-color: yellow;">NOTA</b><span style="background-color: white;">: Según <a href="http://www.ehu.eus/proman/documents/20061127NomenclaturaQICap1-7Pdf.pdf">Recomendaciones 2005 para la Nomenclatura de la IUPAC</a>, <u>la carga sobre un ion debe representarse primero con el número y luego con el signo</u>. Así, se debe escribir que la valencia del ion óxido es 2- , en lugar de -2. </span></i></div>
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><u style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></u></b><b><u style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">TABLA PERIÓDICA con estados de oxidación</span></u><u><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></u></b></span><br />
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b><u style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></u></b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP1idw-4atisEWFnuR8l8XVFLJPo0pwzZ0DfbzQ9gllqGT4y_m-RPyZU8MMyl2mLJpF-VBnsTKJtObOtPj1wTM-8WiG5Hx1e7PD3ygM4ZCqyDEDL32l1VeXqFekV4Vt8z5jF5zi4RRD_sZ/s1600/Num_ox_1.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhP1idw-4atisEWFnuR8l8XVFLJPo0pwzZ0DfbzQ9gllqGT4y_m-RPyZU8MMyl2mLJpF-VBnsTKJtObOtPj1wTM-8WiG5Hx1e7PD3ygM4ZCqyDEDL32l1VeXqFekV4Vt8z5jF5zi4RRD_sZ/s640/Num_ox_1.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjK8vEljItMMZPAiDnmV5IjBNc4uz38aLDsWIVjp41L6d8hv-X-qTRoY7UUUEMF_IOFRJO_6QfOO5SN6FNbWSGffQTSVCxS__bSGfXswNmBcky641g3ON5vtaqWU8uK_7oQ9J7a4ZDR7KwB/s1600/Tabla+Periodica+Valencias.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"></span></a></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><b>De forma resumida (Nivel ESO):</b></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfZGAg1YkjIgHUGCXcL6IUSjIB5eNstLfrqTQ8PtdmQI5R5x1fMUIFeGz6iPfuuroAC-DwCnbchVl-iRiyJr8MhhtxEM_Vmx9VYZ8iVhDmJs0YV3ZF-f_NVHIomGG-cdVKkGp8jWIy0ygC/s1600/VALENCIAS.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhfZGAg1YkjIgHUGCXcL6IUSjIB5eNstLfrqTQ8PtdmQI5R5x1fMUIFeGz6iPfuuroAC-DwCnbchVl-iRiyJr8MhhtxEM_Vmx9VYZ8iVhDmJs0YV3ZF-f_NVHIomGG-cdVKkGp8jWIy0ygC/s640/VALENCIAS.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">Antes de nada, <b>¿conoces la correspondencia entre los símbolos y los nombres de los elementos químicos?</b> Practica </span><a href="http://www.learnexperiment.com/aprender/nombres-de-los-elementos-quimicos/404" style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; text-align: justify;">en este enlace</a><br />
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif"><i style="background-color: #6aa84f;"><b>PROFUNDIZACIÓN: </b></i></span><i style="background-color: transparent;">Si quieres consultar una Tabla Periódica (o Sistema Periódico) más completo: <a href="http://www.ptable.com/?lang=es">Aquí</a></i></span></div>
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<b><u><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" style="background-color: yellow;">NOMENCLATURAS:</span></u></b><br />
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: 11pt;">Actualmente
la IUPAC acepta la <b>nomenclatura de composición o estequiométrica</b>
con prefijos multiplicadores (antigua nomenclatura sistemática) o
con número romanos (antiguamente llamada "stock"), la
<b>nomenclatura de sustitución</b> (que no estudiaremos) y la
<b>nomenclatura tradicional </b>(para nombrar ácidos):</span></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> *<span style="background-color: cyan;"> Nomenclatura de composición</span>:</b><br />
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><b>a) </b>Nomenclatura
</span><b style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;">SISTEMÁTICA </b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"> o estequiométrica consiste en leer
la fórmula de derecha a izquierda incluyendo prefijos que indican
el número de átomos.</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">b) Nomenclatura
de</span><b style="font-family: arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"> STOCK </b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">entre paréntesis y en número romanos se
indica el estado de oxidación que actúa el elemento. En el caso
que el elemento tenga un solo e.o., se omite</span><br />
<b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;"><br /></span></b>
<b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial;">* <span style="background-color: cyan;">Nomenclatura TRADICIONAL</span></span></b><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">.</span>
T</span><span face=""arial" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;">ambién se lee de derecha a izquierda pero incluye prefijos
y sufijos específicos.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i>Para más información visita el siguiente enlace: <a href="http://www.upo.es/ponencia_quimica/export/sites/ponencia_quimica/Descargas/PONENCIA_DE_QUxMICA-NOMENCLATURA_2005.pdf">AQUÍ</a></i></span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b>FORMULACIÓN QUÍMICA INORGÁNICA</b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>0. <u>SUSTANCIAS SIMPLES</u></b></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"> Consideramos sustancias simples a aquellas moléculas constituidas por átomos del mismo elemento. Se formulan con el símbolo del elemento correspondiente (Ej: Hierro, Fe), aunque existen excepciones: </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">- Moléculas diatómicas: dioxígeno o, simplemente, oxígeno, O<sub>2; </sub>Hidrógeno o dihidrógeno, H<sub>2; </sub>Nitrógeno o dinitrógeno, N<sub>2 ; </sub>Flúor o diflúor, F<sub>2; </sub>Cloro o dicloro, Cl<sub>2</sub> </span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">- El ozono (O<sub>3</sub>)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">- El octoazufre (S</span><sub style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;">8</sub>) </span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>1. <u>COMPUESTOS BINARIOS</u></b></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">A) <u>ÓXIDOS</u></span><span style="font-size: large;">:</span><span style="font-size: large;"></span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- Son combinaciones binarias de un elemento y el oxígeno. Exactamente, con </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">el</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> </span><b style="background-color: yellow; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">ión óxido (O<sup>2-</sup>)</b><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- El oxígeno se escribe a la derecha, salvo con los halógenos (HALUROS DE OXÍGENO). Ej:</span><i><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> <b>OF<sub>2 </sub></b></span></i><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">se considera una sal de flúor porque el flúor es el elemento más electronegativo del Sistema Periódico.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Si el elemento es un metal, tenemos los llamados óxidos metálicos y si se trata de un no metal tenemos los óxidos no metálicos (antiguamente llamados anhidros, denominación desaconsejada por la IUPAC). </span><br />
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<b>FORMULACIÓN:</b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihqY8BKycLj89qRAJ8uLBcDb-C_8KYDF7HscOsFw2YY9WyIR6cI5LOWtb9whH1zRI4CcO-U95ptLme4hDsTPown01SePJshTdRaq6CFNOCxve83Z6gdnrI45nyWvtK4WngDEh7ikgGXeMO/s1600/alo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihqY8BKycLj89qRAJ8uLBcDb-C_8KYDF7HscOsFw2YY9WyIR6cI5LOWtb9whH1zRI4CcO-U95ptLme4hDsTPown01SePJshTdRaq6CFNOCxve83Z6gdnrI45nyWvtK4WngDEh7ikgGXeMO/s1600/alo.jpg" /></a></div>
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La fórmula se simplifica si la valencia del elemento que se combina con el oxígeno es par.</div>
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<b>NOMENCLATURA:</b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">* <u><b>Prefijos multiplicadores IUPAC (antigua Sistemática</b></u>)</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Mono-: Para cuando hay "1 átomo" de elemento.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Di-: 2 átomos.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Tri-: 3 átomos. </b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Tetra-: 4 átomos.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Penta-: 5 átomos.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Hexa-: 6 átomos.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Hepta-: 7 átomos.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Octa-: 8 átomos. </b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Nona-: 9 átomos. </b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>Deca-: 10 átomos.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"></span><br />
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif">- Se lee de derecha a izquierda.</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Ejemplos de ó<u>xidos básicos o metálicos</u></span> </b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">(Metal + Oxígeno): </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">-----------------<b>Nomenclatura de composición o estequiométrica </b></span></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fórmula</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Con prefijos multiplicadores</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Con números romanos</span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Trióxido de dialuminio</span></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 129pt;" valign="top" width="172"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de aluminio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">PtO<sub>2</sub></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Dióxido de platino</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de platino (IV)</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">HgO</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Monóxido de mercurio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de mercurio (II)</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Li<sub>2</sub>O</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">(Mon)óxido de dilitio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de litio </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">CaO</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de calcio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de calcio </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Au<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Trióxido de dioro</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de oro (III)</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Trióxido de dihierro</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de hierro (III)</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">FeO</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Monóxido de hierro</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Óxido de hierro (II)</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #9fc5e8;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: lime;">PRACTICA:</span><span style="background-color: white; font-weight: bold;"> <a href="http://roble.pntic.mec.es/cgee0005/cidead_fyq3/3quincena8/3q8_ejercicio_resuelto_4a.htm">Formulación interactiva de ÓXIDOS 1</a> y <a href="http://www.lamanzanadenewton.com/materiales/aplicaciones/lfq2/Formulacion_IUPAC2005.html">2</a></span></span><br />
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Nota: Anteriormente los óxidos no metálicos recibían el nombre de anhídridos.<br />
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<b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><u><br /></u></b><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"><u style="background-color: cyan;">Ejemplos de óxidos ácidos o no metálicos</u> </b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">(No metal + Oxígeno): <b style="background-color: yellow;">HALUROS DE OXÍGENO</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: start;">--------------</span><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; text-align: start;">Nomenclatura de composición o estequiométrica </b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: yellow;"><span style="color: #cc0000;">NEW!</span></b> </span><i><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Según las recomendaciones IUPAC 2005 los halógenos (todos, y no solo el Flúor) son considerados más electronegativos que el oxígeno, luego se escribirán a la derecha de la fórmula y se nombrarán como una sal binaria: Ej: </span><b style="background-color: yellow;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">O</span><sub style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">5</sub><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Cl</span><sub style="font-family: "trebuchet ms", sans-serif;">2 </sub></b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">(dicloruro de pentaoxígeno). </span></i></div>
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<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">ACTIVIDADES:</span></b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;">1. Nombra los siguientes compuestos: CuO; N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>; HgO y Hg<sub>2</sub>O</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">2. Formula y nombra todos los óxidos que pueden formarse los siguientes metales: el níquel, el cobalto, la plata, el platino, el oro, el cínc, el cromo y el cadmio.</span></span></div>
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3. Formula y nombra todos los óxidos que pueden formarse con los siguientes no metales: el boro, el silicio, el carbono, el azufre y el bromo.</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: white;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">4. Nombra todos los halogenuros del cloro.</span></div></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">B) <u>HIDRUROS</u></span><span style="font-size: large;">:</span></span></b></span></span></h3>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;">B1) Con "metales": HIDRUROS METÁLICOS </span><span style="font-size: small;"> (Metal-H) </span></span></h3>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Son combinaciones binarias de un metal e hidrógeno. </span></div>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">- El hidrógeno actúa con la "valencia"</span> -1<span style="font-weight: normal;">.</span></span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- El metal siempre tiene estado de oxidación positivo (neutralidad).</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Se escribe a la derecha de la fórmula. </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Se forman mediante enlace iónico y son sólidos cristalinos. </span></div>
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<b>FORMULACIÓN:</b></div>
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<b>NOMENCLATURA:</b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><span style="text-align: start;">*</span><span style="text-align: start;"> <u>Con prefijos multiplicadores</u></span>: </span><i style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">prefijo de cantidad</i><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">-Hidruro + de + </span><i style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">prefijo de cantidad</i><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">-elemento</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> Ejemplo: <b>FeH<sub>3</sub>: Trihidruro de hierro</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- El prefijo "mono-" se omite.</span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">* <u>Con números romanos</u>: </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Hidruro de + Elemento (</span><span style="font-weight: normal;">entre paréntesis el estado de oxidación del elemento en números romanos).</span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> Recuerda que sólo se indica el número romano cuando hay más de una valencia.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: cyan; font-size: small;"> Ejemplos de hidruros metálicos: </span></div>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> FeH<sub>3</sub>: Hidruro de hierro (III)</span><br />
<span style="font-weight: normal;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> AlH</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><sub>3</sub>: </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> Hidruro de aluminio <span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">NO HACE FALTA INDICAR número de oxidación porque el aluminio solo actúa con el estado de oxidación +3 ("solo tiene una valencia")</span>.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: large;">B2) Con "no metales"</span><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">: HIDRUROS NO METÁLICOS </span></h3>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Son combinaciones binarias de un no metal e hidrógeno. </span></div>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">- El hidrógeno actúa </span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">estado de oxidación +</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">1 </span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Se escribe a la izquierda o derecha de la fórmula según la electronegatividad de los "participantes". </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Se forman mediante enlace covalente dando lugar a moléculas. </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Distinguimos:</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">a) Los<u> hidruros de los grupos 13, 14 y 15 </u>(IIIA, IVA y VA, respectivamente): -3, -4</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">b</span><span style="font-size: small;">) Los <u>hidruros de los anfígenos</u> (grupo 16 ó VIA) y <u>halógenos</u> (grupo 17 ó VIIA): HIDRÁCIDOS. (El hidrógeno se escribe a la izquierda). -1, -2</span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: large;"><b>a) Grupos 13 ó <i>IIIA</i></b><b>, 14 ó <i>IVA</i> y 15 ó <i>VA.</i></b></span></div>
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<b>FORMULACIÓN:</b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: blue;">N</span><span style="color: red;">H</span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: blue; font-size: x-small;">n</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: large;">No metal (N) = <b style="background-color: #ea9999;"> N P As Sb Bi B C Si</b></span></div>
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<b>NOMENCLATURA:</b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">* Nomenclatura de sustitución:</span></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Grupo 14 ó IVA<i>: </i></span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i>C, Si, </i> Con valencia 4-</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Grupo 15 ó VA<i>: </i></span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i>N, P, Ar, Sb</i> Con valencia 3-</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fórmula</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Nombre</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fórmula</span></b></div>
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Nombre</span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">CH<sub>4</sub></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Metano</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">NH<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Amoníaco o Azano</span></div>
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<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 3; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">SiH<sub>4</sub></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Silano</span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">PH<sub>3</sub></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fosfano</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 4; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-right-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 234pt;" valign="top" width="312"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-weight: bold;">Grupo </span><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">13 ó IIIA</b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">BH</span><sub style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">3 </sub><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Borano</span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">AsH<sub>3</sub></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Arsano</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 5; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">SbH<sub>3</sub></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> Bi</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">H</span><sub style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">3</sub><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> <sub></sub></span></div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 117pt;" valign="top" width="156"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Estibano</span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Bismutano</span></div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</h3>
<h3>
</h3>
<h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="text-align: start;">*</span><span style="text-align: start;"> </span><span style="text-align: start;">IUPAC: </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #ffe599; font-size: small;">(di, tri ...)hidruro de (no metal)</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> </span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Ejemplo:</span> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">CH</span><sub style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-weight: normal; text-align: center;">4</sub><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"> Tetrahidruro de carbono. </span></div>
</div>
</h3>
<h3 style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"><span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><u>No</u> se nombran expresando números de oxidación <u>en números romanos</u> (antigua nomenclatura </span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Stock).</span></h3>
<h3>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large; text-align: start;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: red; font-size: large;">b) Ácidos hidrácidos: Grupos 16 ó <i>VIA</i> y 17 ó <i>VIIA</i>.</span></b></div>
<div style="font-size: 18.72px; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div style="font-size: medium;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- El hidrógeno actúa con número de oxidación +1.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- Se coloca a la izquierda en la fórmula, ya que son combinaciones con los elementos más electronegativos del S.P.</span></div>
<div style="font-size: medium;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- El no metal actúa con número de oxidación negativo -1 (halógeno: F, Cl, Br, I) o -2 (anfígeno: S, Se, Te).</span></div>
<br /></div>
<div style="font-size: 18.72px; text-align: center;">
<div style="background-color: red; color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal; text-align: left;">
<b>FORMULACIÓN:</b></div>
<div>
<b><br /></b></div>
</div>
</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcQtWonAJ8A6_4NbbydEz58aveOzqrMhMI7R8jFO94eyIdlJ7C_lpk2V1cjn3G7FkHo1yVgiVYC2o5aZ2VS2380KMtMMon8tnuwW0dnfbh8k-6xOryktUKvNqRt9e-oRR9ZyeNhFkQWZFs/s288/Sin+t%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="268" data-original-width="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcQtWonAJ8A6_4NbbydEz58aveOzqrMhMI7R8jFO94eyIdlJ7C_lpk2V1cjn3G7FkHo1yVgiVYC2o5aZ2VS2380KMtMMon8tnuwW0dnfbh8k-6xOryktUKvNqRt9e-oRR9ZyeNhFkQWZFs/s0/Sin+t%25C3%25ADtulo.jpg" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>
<h3 style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
</h3>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 18.72px; font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> No metal (N) =</span><span style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> </span><span style="background-color: #ea9999;"><b style="text-align: -webkit-center;"> </b><b style="text-align: -webkit-center;">F Cl Br I S Se Te </b></span></span><br />
<div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 18.72px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: auto; text-align: center; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: auto; word-spacing: 0px;">
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<h3>
<div style="background-color: red; color: white; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">
<b>NOMENCLATURA:</b></div>
</h3>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Según el estado, se nombran:</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- En estado gaseoso: <i>elemento</i><b>-uro de hidrógeno </b><span style="background-color: #ffe599;">(recuerda: de dcha a izqda)</span></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- En estado líquido: <b>Ácido</b> <i>raíz del elemento</i><b>-hídrico</b></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b></b>En la siguiente tabla se recogen los hidruros no metálicos:</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><tbody>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><h4 align="center" style="text-align: center;">
Fórmula</h4>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><h4 style="text-align: center;">
En estado gaseoso</h4>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="background-color: yellow;">Preferida IUPAC</span></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><h4 style="text-align: center;">
En estado líquido (aq)</h4>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><i>Nombres importantes tradicionalmente</i></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td colspan="3" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 153); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 432.2pt;" valign="top" width="576"><h4 style="text-align: center;">
Grupo 16 ó VIA <i>: O, S, Se, Te</i> Con valencia -2</h4>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 2; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
H<sub>2</sub>O</div>
</div>
</td><td colspan="2" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 288.15pt;" valign="top" width="384"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Agua</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
H<sub>2</sub>S</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Sulfuro de hidrógeno</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ácido sulfhídrico</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
H<sub>2</sub>Se</div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Seleniuro de hidrógeno</div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ácido selenhídrico</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
H<sub>2</sub>Te</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Telururo de hidrógeno</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ácido telurhídrico</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 6; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td colspan="3" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 153); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 432.2pt;" valign="top" width="576"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Grupo 17 ó VIIA <i>: F, Cl, Br, I</i> Con valencia -1</b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
HF</div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Fluoruro de hidrógeno</div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ácido fluorhídrico</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
HCl</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Cloruro de hidrógeno</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ácido clorhídrico</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
HBr</div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Bromuro de hidrógeno</div>
</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ácido bromhídrico</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
HI</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.05pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Yoduro de hidrógeno</div>
</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144.1pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<div style="text-align: center;">
Ácido yodhídrico/iodhídrico</div>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">* <b><u>No</u></b> se nombran por nomenclatura <b>Stock</b>. </span></div><div style="text-align: justify;">* Se puede npmbrar con de dihidrógeno o hidrógeno.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><i style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><br /></i></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><i style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Aunque el no metal puede tener varias valencias covalentes, en estos compuestos SOLO actúan con una, la que coincide con su valencia iónica, la positiva.</i> </span></div>
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><br /></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: lime;">PRACTICA:</span> <a href="http://roble.pntic.mec.es/cgee0005/cidead_fyq3/3quincena8/3q8_ejercicio_resuelto_4b.htm">Actividad interactiva de hidruros</a> <a href="http://www.lamanzanadenewton.com/materiales/aplicaciones/lfq2/Formulacion_IUPAC2005.html">y aquí (Hidruros metálicos)</a></span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">ACTIVIDADES:</span></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;"><br /></span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="background-color: #6fa8dc;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">5. </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Nombra lo siguientes hidruros de todas las formas posibles: </span></span></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="text-align: center;">SbH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="text-align: center;">CuH, </span><span style="text-align: center;">AsH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">NH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">AlH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">LiH, </span><span style="text-align: center;">BaH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">H</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">Se, </span><span style="text-align: center;">HCl</span><sub style="text-align: center;">, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">AgH, </span><span style="text-align: center;">GaH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3,</sub><span style="text-align: center;"> </span><span style="text-align: center;">CH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">4, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">AuH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">HBr, SiH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">4</sub><sub style="text-align: center;"> , </sub><span style="text-align: center;">CrH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><sub style="text-align: center;">, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">H</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">Te, </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="text-align: center;">CoH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3 , </sub><span style="text-align: center;">FeH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">HF, SnH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">RbH, </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="text-align: center;">H</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">S, </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="text-align: center;">VH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">5, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">HF, </span><span style="text-align: center;">PH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">CaH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">MgH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">BeH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">CsH, NaH, </span><span style="text-align: center;">GeH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">4, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">SnH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">4, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">HI, ZnH</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub></span></span></b></div>
</div>
<br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">6. Formula los siguientes hidruros:</span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d0e0e3;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div align="center">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: medium none; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt dotted windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 480;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll gray; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" valign="top" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;">Compuesto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll gray; border-left: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;">Fórmula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" valign="top" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll gray; border-left: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" valign="top" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;">Compuesto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll gray; border-left: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" valign="top" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;">Fórmula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de magnesio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de titanio (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de manganeso (IV)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de hafnio (IV)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de calcio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Dihidruro de bario<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Trihidruro de hierro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Trihidruro de nitrógeno<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Ácido yodhídrico<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sulfuro de dihidrógeno</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Tetrahidruro de carbono<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ácido sulfhídrico</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Tetrahidruro de molibdeno<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Dihidruro de rodio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de cromo (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de platino (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Dihidruro de níquel <o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de cobre (I)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Dihidruro cobalto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de cadmio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Cloruro de hidrógeno</span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de zinc<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Trihidruro de cobalto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de sodio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Telururo de hidrógeno<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de indio (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Pentahidruro de vanadio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Hidruro de aluminio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Ácido bromhídrico<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Ácido telurhídrico</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d0e0e3;"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">7. Formula según su nombre vulgar:</span><br />
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;">Compuesto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""verdana" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;">Fórmula<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD"><b>azano<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD"><b>fosfano<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD"><b>arsano<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD"><b>estibano<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD"><b>metano<o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">silano</span></b><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: large;">C) <u>SALES BINARIAS</u>:</span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">- Las sales son compuestos que pueden considerarse formados por la unión de aniones y cationes. O, a</span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> efectos de formulación, como si surgieran de sustituir en los hidruros los hidrógenos por un metal. </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: small;">- Se escribe a la derecha el elemento más electronegativo, como siempre.</span></span></div>
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<b style="background-color: red;"><span style="color: white;">FORMULACIÓN:</span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>a) SALES METAL - NO METAL:</b> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">A efectos de formulación, de sustituir metal por hidrógeno de hidrácido. Actúan con valencias iónicas: positivas para el metal y negativas para el no metal.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Ejemplos: </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Ej: La formación del FeS podemos verla de dos formas:</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i><b>(1) Por iones que intercambian valencia</b></i> (OJO: se simplifican las fórmulas): </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fe (II) + S (II) - FeS</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i><b>(2)</b></i> En el sulfuro de hidrógeno, <i><b>el metal </b></i>(hierro (II), en este caso) <i><b>sustituye al hidrógeno</b></i>. </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Ej: Pb (IV) + Te (II) - PbTe</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Se simplifican las valencias. </i></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>b) SALES NO METAL - NO METAL: </b></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Son compuestos covalentes, con diversas propiedades. Se debe colocar a la derecha de la fórmula el elemento más electronegativo (a la dcha de la siguiente secuencia):</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: yellow;"><b>B, Si, C, Sb, As, P, N, H, Te, Se, S, At, I, Br, Cl, O, F (+EN)</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><i style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Como puedes ver, los elementos más electronegativos son átomos pequeños y están situados a la dcha y arriba del S.P.</i></span></div>
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<b style="background-color: red;"><span style="color: white;">NOMENCLATURA: </span></b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">IUPAC - Nomenclatura estequiométrica o de composición:</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Añadir el sufijo <b>-uro </b>a la raíz del nombre del elemento halógeno (precedido de di, tri, ... si fuera necesario) que queda a la derecha de la fórmula, éste entra siempre con la valencia más pequeña. </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Los nombres terminados en -URO pueden ser: <b>BORURO, CARBURO, SILICIURO, NITRURO, FOSFURO, ARSENIURO, ANTIMONIURO, SULFURO, SELENIURO, TELURURO, FLUORURO, CLORURO, BROMURO, YODURO.</b></span></div>
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<i style="background-color: cyan;">Ejemplos:</i></div>
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a)<b> Metal - No metal:</b></div>
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<b>Fórmula</b></div>
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<b>Con Prefijos multiplicadores</b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">Con números romanos</span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">FeCl<sub>3</sub></span></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Tricloruro de hierro</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Cloruro de hierro (III)</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">LiF</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fluoruro de litio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fluoruro de litio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Al<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Triseleniuro de dialuminio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Seleniuro de aluminio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">PbBr<sub>4</sub></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 146.5pt;" valign="top" width="195"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Tetrabromuro de plomo</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Bromuro de plomo (IV)</span></div>
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b) <b>No metal - no metal: </b>Existen menos, nombrar por prefijos multiplicadores.</div>
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<b style="text-align: center;"> </b></div>
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<b style="text-align: center;"> Con Prefijos multiplicadores</b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">CCl<span style="font-size: xx-small;">4</span> Tetracloruro de carbono</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">PF<span style="font-size: xx-small;">5</span> Pentafluoruro de fósforo</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">BN Nitruro de boro</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #b6d7a8;"><b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: center;"><b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Aclaración prefijo MONO-: </span></b></b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">El prefijo MONO- obligatoriamente debe ir en: </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Compuestos del tipo: </span><i style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; text-align: center;">FeO, CuO, CO, ... </i><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: center;">Combinaciones del oxígeno con elementos de la tabla que tengan más de una valencia y la fórmula quede en una relacion 1:1</span></span></div>
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<b style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">D) <u>PERÓXIDOS</u>:</span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Son combinaciones de un elemento metálico (del grupo 1 y 2) con el ion peróxido, de valencia 2-:</span></div>
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<a href="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/2/b/72b3af922aeb85b60d90fddb49b64930.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/math/7/2/b/72b3af922aeb85b60d90fddb49b64930.png" /></a></div>
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También se forman con metales como la plata (1+), el cobre (1+, 2+),...</div>
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<b style="background-color: red; text-align: start;"><span style="color: white;">NOMENCLATURA: </span></b></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Grupo 1: Alcalinos <span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"> ¡LA FÓRMULA NO SE SIMPLIFICA!</span></b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"><i> Tradicional / <b>Con prefijo multiplicador</b></i></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">H<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span>O<span style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span> Peróxido de hidrógeno <span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">/ D<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">ióxido de <span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">dihi<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">dróg<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">eno (</span></span></span></span></span></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">Agua oxigenada)</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">Li</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: justify;">2</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">O</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: justify;">2</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> Peróxido de litio / Dióxido de dilitio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">Na</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: justify;">2</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">O</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: justify;">2</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">Peróxido de sodio / Dióxido de disodio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">...</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"><b>Grupo 2: Alcalino térreos.</b></span></div>
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<i style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; text-align: justify;"> Tradicional / <b>Con prefijo multiplicador</b></i></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">Be</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">O</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small; text-align: justify;">2</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"> Pe</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;">róxido de berilio / Dióxido de berilio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">MgO</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> Peróxido de magnesio / Dióxido de magnesio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">CaO</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: xx-small;">2</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> Peróxido de calcio / Dióxido de calcio</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">...</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3; text-align: justify;">Como has visto, se nombran igual que los óxidos pero cambiando la palabra óxido por <u>peróxido</u>. </span></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">ACTIVIDADES:</span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; text-align: justify;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #6fa8dc;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">8A.</span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> Nombra las siguientes sales. </span></span><br />
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<b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: white;">LiI, </span><span style="text-align: center;">Sc</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">S</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">AgCl, </span><span style="text-align: center;">AuBr</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">CrF</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">Co</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">Te</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">FeCl</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">MnI</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">V</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">Se</span><sub style="text-align: center;">5, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">NaF, ZnS, </span><span style="text-align: center;">Li</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">Se, CaTe, BaS, </span><span style="text-align: center;">AlF</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">CrCl</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">BaF</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub>CuI, <span style="text-align: center;">Ga</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2</sub><span style="text-align: center;">Te</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">SnS</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">GeCl</span><sub style="text-align: center;">4, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">BeS, CsF, </span><span style="text-align: center;">MgCl</span><sub style="text-align: center;">2, </sub><span style="text-align: center;">NaI, </span><span style="text-align: center;">AlI</span><sub style="text-align: center;">3</sub></span></b><br />
<sub style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; text-align: center;"><br /></sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #6fa8dc;">8B. Formula las siguientes sales:</span><br />
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Compuesto<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fórmula<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Compuesto<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD" style="color: white; font-size: 9pt;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fórmula<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Ioduro de cobre (I)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Bromuro de titanio (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Cloruro de manganeso (IV)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Cloruro de hafnio (IV)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Sulfuro de calcio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Difluoruro de bario<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Trifluoruro de hierro<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Sulfuro de hierro (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 12.0pt; margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; tab-stops: list 74.75pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Bromuro de hierro (II)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Telururo de iridio (II)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Sulfuro de bismuto (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Seleniuro de wolframio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Ditelururo de molibdeno<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Dibromuro de rodio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Seleniuro crómico<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Cloruro de platino (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Fluoruro niqueloso<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-right: dotted windowtext 1.0pt; border: medium none; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-right-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 1cm;" width="38"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Cloruro de cobre (II)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt dotted windowtext; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Bromuro cobáltico<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Ioduro de cadmio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Sulfuro de cobalto (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Ioduro de zinc (II)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Triioduro de cobalto<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Sulfuro de sodio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Ioduro de magnesio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 119.05pt;" width="159"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Yoduro de Indio (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Pentasulfuro de divanadio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Telururo de aluminio<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" lang="ES-TRAD">Telururo de lantano (III)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="ES-TRAD"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Sulfuro de molibdeno (II)</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none dotted dotted none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: dotted windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.25pt;" width="132"><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="margin: 12pt 0cm 6pt; text-align: center;">
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d0e0e3;"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d0e0e3;"><br /></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">9. Formula y nombra <u>todos los peróxidos</u> del grupo 1 y 2.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: yellow;"><u>Compuestos ternarios</u>:</b><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"> Formados por tres elementos químicos.</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: large;">A) <b>Hidróxidos:</b> M(OH)</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">m</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: large;">, donde el grupo hidróxido OH<sup>- </sup>, ion hidróxido, actúa con valencia 1- y M = Metal</span></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: large;">B) <b>Oxoácidos u oxácidos:</b> H</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">a</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: large;">X</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: x-small;">b</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black; font-size: large;">O</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">c</span><sub style="font-size: x-large;"> </sub><span style="font-size: large;">Donde X = No metal; a, b y c, no son las valencias.</span></span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #ffe599; color: black; font-size: large;">C) <b>Sales ternarias u oxosales:</b> A "efectos de formulación" surgen de sustituir los H de los oxoácidos por un metal.</span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><b><u>Combinaciones cuaternarias:</u></b> las sales ácidas.</span></span></div>
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<b style="color: red; font-size: x-large; text-align: start;"><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">2. <u>COMPUESTOS TERNARIOS</u></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b>A) <u>HIDRÓXIDOS:</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"> </span><b><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="color: red;">M</span>(OH)</span><span style="color: red; font-size: x-small;">m</span></b></div>
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Son combinaciones de un metal (valencia positiva) con un grupo hidróxido (OH) que actúa con valencia -1. Proceden de añadir agua a un óxido básico.<br />
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<b>Fórmula</b></div>
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<b>Con prefijos multiplicadores</b></div>
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<b>Con números</b><br />
<b>romanos</b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">LiOH</span></div>
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Hidróxido de litio</div>
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Hidróxido de litio</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Fe(OH)<sub>2</sub></span></div>
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Dihidróxido de hierro</div>
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Hidróxido de hierro (II)</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">CuOH</span></div>
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Monohidróxido de cobre*</div>
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Hidróxido de cobre (I)</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Co(OH)<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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Trihidróxido de cobalto</div>
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Hidróxido de cobalto (III)</div>
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* Como en los óxidos, como el cobre puede formar 2 compuestos, en la nomenclatura estequiométrica se pone "mono" para distinguirlo del dihidróxido de cobre.</div>
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<span style="background-color: lime;">PRACTICA</span>: <a href="http://roble.pntic.mec.es/cgee0005/cidead_fyq3/3quincena8/3q8_ejercicio_resuelto_5a.htm">Actividad interactiva hidróxidos.</a></div>
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<b style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">ACTIVIDAD 10: </b><span style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">N</span><span style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">ombra y formula los siguientes hidróxidos:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;">(Hoy en día la IUPAC en sus últimas recomendaciones permite escribir las valencias, además de con números romanos, con el número y el signo. No obstante, utilizaremos números romanos)</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">SOLUCIÓN:</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">B) <u>ÁCIDOS OXOÁCIDOS:</u></span></h2>
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<span style="font-size: large;">H - No metal (X) - O</span></div>
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Hidrógeno con +1, No metal con valencia positiva , Oxígeno con -2</div>
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<b style="background-color: red; text-align: start;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: white;">NOMENCLATURA: </span></b><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">La IUPAC reconoce la <b style="background-color: yellow;">nomenclatura tradicional</b> (además de la de adición y de hidrógeno, que no desarrollaremos).</span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Se nombran de la siguiente manera: </span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> 1º.- La palabra ácido.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> 2º- Hay que reconocer qué <b style="background-color: #b4a7d6;">tipo de ácido</b> es (meta -que no se indica-, di/piro u orto)</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> 3º- Calcular la valencia con la que actúa el no metal y ver su correspondiente <span style="background-color: orange;">prefijo-sufijo</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><b>ácido </b>+ <span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;">(meta)/di (o piro)/orto</span>- <span style="background-color: orange;">prefijo</span> -<i> raíz nombre NM</i> -<span style="background-color: orange;">sufijo</span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-align: justify;"><b>2º- <span style="background-color: #b4a7d6;">TIPO DE ÁCIDO</span>.</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Existen varios tipos de oxoácidos: los meta, los di o piro y los orto. Los reconoceremos por el número que va con el hidrógeno.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>meta</b>: 1 o 2 hidrógenos en la fórmula. Ej: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">HClO, H</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">TeO</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3, </sub></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>orto</b>: más de 2 hidrógenos en la fórmula. Ej: </span><i><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">H</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">3</sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">PO</span></i><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>4 </i>, </sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">H</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4</sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">SeO</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">4</sub></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>di/piro</b>: en el elemento central (NM) aparece un 2. Ej: </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">H</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Cr</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2</sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">O</span><sub style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">7</sub></div>
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<sub style="background-color: #d9ead3; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">Los <i><b>ácido meta</b></i> son la mayoría por eso al nombrarlos, salvo alguna excepción que veremos más adelante, se omite el prefijo. Así, decimos: ácido hipocloroso (y no ácido metahipocloroso)</span></sub></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">3º- </b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><u><b><span style="background-color: orange;">Sufijos y prefijos </span>de Tradicional:</b></u> Según el número de valencias que posea el elemento, se colocan estos prefijos antes y después de la raíz del nombre del elemento.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>-</b> Con una valencia: el sufijo que se utiliza es <b>-ico</b> </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -27pt;"><b>-</b> Con dos valencias: </span><b style="text-indent: -27pt;">-ico </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">para la mayor; <b>-oso</b> para la menor.</span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="-moz-font-feature-settings: normal; -moz-font-language-override: normal; font-feature-settings: normal; font-language-override: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"><b>- </b></span><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">Con tres valencias: </span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> * hipo- </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">elemento</span><b style="text-indent: -27pt;">- oso</b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;"> para la menor: </span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> * -oso </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">para la 2ª;</span><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> </b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> * -ico </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">para la mayor</span></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="text-indent: -27pt;"><b>- </b>Con cuatro valencias: </span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> * hipo- </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">elemento</span><b style="text-indent: -27pt;">- oso </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">para la menor;</span><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> </b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> * -oso </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">para la 2ª</span><b style="text-indent: -27pt;">; </b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> * per - </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">elemento</span><b style="text-indent: -27pt;"> - ico </b><span style="text-indent: -27pt;">para la mayor<b>. </b></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">El cromo (Cr) y el manganeso (Mn) pueden también formar ácidos con sus valencias covalentes (no metal): +6 para el cromo y +4,+6, y +7 para el manganeso. </span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"> </span><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">Cromo</b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-weight: normal;"> solo actúa con valencia +6 (no metal): -ico.</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> <span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><b>Manganeso</b>: +4 -oso; +6 -ico; +7 per- -ico (EXCEPCIÓN)</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><u><i><b><span style="color: red;">Ácidos META:</span><span style="color: orange;"> </span></b></i></u></span></div>
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<u><b>Nomenclatura tradicional:</b></u> ácido + elemento (con los prefijos y sufijos de la nomenclatura tradicional) Ej.: HClO: ácido hipocloroso</div>
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H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>: ácido sulfúrico</div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Calculo de la valencia o del estado de oxidación</b>: Para nombrarlos debemos conocer la valencia del no metal, una forma rápida de obtener la valencia es hacer el balance de cargas nulo (ya que el compuesto es neutro):</span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">En el ácido teluroso <span lang="EN-GB" style="font-weight: normal;">H<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3 </sub></span></span></div>
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="vertical-align: sub;">La valencia del teluro es <span style="color: #783f04;">x = </span></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: #783f04; vertical-align: sub;">3.2 - 2.1 = 6 - 2 = +4</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB"><sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">La valencia del teluro es la que cumple que el compuesto resultante sea eléctricamente neutro (O -2 y H +1); <span style="color: #783f04;">2.(+1) + x + 3.(-2) = 0; </span></span></sub></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><sub><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #783f04;">x= 4 (la valencia del no metal)</span></span></sub></span><br />
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<b>Fórmula</b></div>
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<b>Tradicional</b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">H<sub>2</sub>TeO<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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Ácido teluroso</div>
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Es un metal. El teluro actúa con estado de oxiación +4. El teluro tiene +2 +4 +6 .<br />
A +4 le correspondo -oso</div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub></span></div>
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Ácido carbónico</div>
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HBO<sub>2</sub></div>
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Ácido metabórico</div>
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HBrO<sub>4</sub></div>
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Ácido perbrómico</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Fórmula</span></h5>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Tradicional</span></h5>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Cromo (Cr) en los ácidos sólo con +6</span></h6>
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H<sub>2</sub>CrO<sub>4</sub></div>
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Ácido crómico</div>
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E.O. +6 del cromo. Como no metal solo actúa con E.O. +6. Luego: -ico</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Manganeso en los ácidos con +6 y +7</span></h6>
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H<sub>2</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub></div>
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Ácido mangánico</div>
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Recuerda que el manganeso como no metal</div>
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HMnO<sub>4</sub></div>
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Ácido permangánico</div>
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actúa con +4.+6 y +7 (oso, ico, per-ico)</div>
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 153);">Nitrógeno en </span>los ácidos sólo con +1, +3, +5</span></h6>
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HNO</div>
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Ácido hiponitroso</div>
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Tienen bastante importancia industrial</div>
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HNO<sub>2</sub></div>
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Ácido nitroso</div>
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<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 9; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
HNO<sub>3</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido nítrico</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Además, <b>el Carbono (C) y el Silicio usan sólo (Si) el E.O. +4</b></span><br />
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="text-align: left;"> H</span><sub style="text-align: left;">2</sub><span style="text-align: left;">CO</span><sub style="text-align: left;">3 </sub>Ácido carbónico </span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Como puedes comprobar, se cumple que si el elemento no metálico que se combina tiene <u>valencia par, hay dos hidrógenos</u>. <u>Si la valencia es impar, queda un solo hidrógeno.</u></span></div>
<div style="text-align: center;">
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><u><br /></u></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><u><b><i>Ácidos ORTO:</i></b></u></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: medium none; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Fórmula</b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Tradicional</b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>3</sub>NO<sub>3</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido ortonitroso</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>4</sub>SeO<sub>4</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido ortoselenioso</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>3</sub>BrO<sub>4</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido ortobrómico</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>3</sub>IO<sub>5</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido ortoperyódico</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Recuerda un truco para reconocer los ácidos orto: <u>hay más de dos hidrógenos en el ácido</u>.</span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">
<div style="text-align: center;">
<div style="font-style: normal; text-align: justify;">
<i><b style="background-color: #fcff01;">Excepciones con el boro (B), fósforo (P), arsénico (As) y silicio (Si) </b></i></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Hay excepciones y a los <i style="font-style: normal;">ácidos orto </i>siguientes se les quita el prefijo <i>orto </i>al nombrarlos. Sin embargo, el prefijo <i>meta </i>debe permanecer.</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: medium none; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><h4 style="text-align: center;">
Fórmula</h4>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Tradicional </b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 1; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td colspan="3" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 153); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 432.2pt;" valign="top" width="576"><h6>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Con el Fósforo (P), se especifica meta y no orto</span></h6>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>HPO<sub>3</sub></b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido<b> meta</b>fosfórico</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
No se omite el prefijo meta</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background-color: #ffd966; border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></b></div>
</td><td style="background-color: #ffd966; border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color; border-style: none solid solid none; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Ácido fosfórico</b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
Se omite el prefijo orto</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
HPO<sub>2</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido <b>meta</b>fosforoso</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
No se omite el prefijo meta</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 5;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido fosforoso</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
Se omite el prefijo orto</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 6; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td colspan="3" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 153); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 432.2pt;" valign="top" width="576"><h6>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></h6>
<h6>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Con el Arsénico (As) igual que con el fósforo</span></h6>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 7;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>HAsO<sub>3</sub></b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido <b>meta</b>rsénico</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
No se omite el prefijo meta</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 8;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>4</sub></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
<b>Ácido arsénico</b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
Se omite el prefijo orto</div>
</td></tr>
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HAsO<sub>2</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido <b>meta</b>rsenioso</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
No se omite el prefijo meta</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 10;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>3</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido arsenioso</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
Se omite el prefijo orto</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="break-inside: avoid; mso-yfti-irow: 11; page-break-inside: avoid;"><td colspan="3" style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 153); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 432.2pt;" valign="top" width="576"><h6>
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></h6>
<h6>
<span style="font-size: x-small;">Con el Silicio (Si) y el Boro (B) se especifican las dos – meta y orto-</span></h6>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 12;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB">H<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>3</sub></span></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido <b>meta</b>silícico</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
No se elimina el prefijo meta</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 13;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
<span lang="EN-GB">H<sub>4</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub></span></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido <b>orto</b>silícico</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 14;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
HBO<sub>2</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido <b>meta</b>bórico</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
No se elimina el prefijo meta</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 15; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 144pt;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido <b>orto</b>bórico</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 230.7pt;" valign="top" width="308"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: red; font-size: small;"><i><u><b>Ácidos DI (o piro)</b></u></i></span></div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><br /></span></div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Se distinguen fácilmente pues en la fórmula <u>el no metal tiene un 2 como subíndice</u></span></div>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: medium none; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Fórmula</b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Tradicional</b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido diselenioso</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
Practica calculando el número de oxidación.</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido disulfuroso</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ej: H<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido disulfúrico</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
5x2 - 2 = 8 8/2 = 4 </div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido dicarbónico</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
+4 es el número de oxidación del Selenio</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
</div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: medium none; color: black; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: medium; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-align: justify;"><tbody>
<tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Fórmula</b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<b>Tradicional</b></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(255, 204, 0); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>4</sub>As<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido diarsenioso</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
Siempre se deja el prefijo DI</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;"><td style="border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido difosfórico</div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
el prefijo PIRO indica lo mismo que el DI</div>
</td></tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;"><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 57.5pt;" valign="top" width="77"><div class="MsoNormal">
H<sub>4</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 135pt;" valign="top" width="180"><div class="MsoNormal">
Ácido difosforoso</div>
</td><td style="background: none 0% 0% repeat scroll rgb(217, 217, 217); border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-color: currentcolor windowtext windowtext currentcolor; border-left-color: initial; border-right-color: windowtext; border-style: none solid solid none; border-top-color: initial; border-width: medium 1pt 1pt medium; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 3.5pt; width: 239.7pt;" valign="top" width="320"><div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-style: normal; text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u><b><br /></b></u></div>
</div>
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<a href="http://www.acienciasgalilei.com/qui/formulacion/acidos%20oxoacidos.htm#oxoacidos">Más sobre OXOÁCIDOS</a></div>
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<b style="background-color: red;"><span style="color: white;">FORMULACIÓN</span></b><br />
<b style="background-color: red;"><span style="color: white;"><br /></span></b><span style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"><b> Forma "clásica" o sumándole moléculas de agua. </b></span></span></div>
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Con la siguiente regla podrás formular todos los tipos de oxácidos: los meta, los di (o piro) y los orto. Actualmente no se suele enseñar así</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>VALENCIA</i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>ACIDO META</i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>ACIDO DI, </i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>TRI, TETRA ...</i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i>ACIDO ORTO</i></b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">IMPAR</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ÓXIDO + 1H<sub>2</sub>O</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">+ 2 (3, 4, ...) H<sub>2</sub>O</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ÓXIDO + 3H<sub>2</sub>O</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">PAR</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ÓXIDO + 1H<sub>2</sub>O</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">2ÓXIDO </b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">+ 1H<sub>2</sub>O</b></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">ÓXIDO + 2H<sub>2</sub>O</b></div>
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Los oxoácidos provienen de la reacción de un anhídrido (como antiguamente se llamaban a los óxidos no metálicos) al disolverse en agua:</div>
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<b style="background-color: yellow;">ÓXIDO + AGUA = ÁCIDO</b></div>
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Así, en el caso meta (el prefijo meta se omite al nombrarlos), el caso más sencillo, su fórmula la podemos construir sumando una molécula de agua.</div>
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<b style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: large;">CO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O <span face=""arial" , sans-serif">→</span> H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3 </sub>(ácido carbónico)</b></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>SO<sub>3</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O <span face=""arial" , sans-serif">→</span> H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4 </sub>(ácido sulfúrico)</b></span></span></div>
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<span face=""arial" , sans-serif"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O <span face=""arial" , sans-serif">→</span> 2HNO<sub>3 </sub>(ácido nítrico)</b></span></span><br />
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<b style="background-color: #fff2cc;"><u>Forma 1:</u></b><br />
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><u style="background-color: #fff2cc;">Forma 2: </u></b><span style="background-color: red;"><b style="color: white;">Por balance de carga.</b></span><b style="color: white;"><span style="background-color: red;"> </span>"clásica" </b></span></div><div align="JUSTIFY" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b style="color: white;">o sumándole moléculas de agua.</b></span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Hay quien prefiere una forma<span style="background-color: #fcff01;"> más rápida y sencilla </span>para los ácido meta. </span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: cyan;">Ej:</span> Imaginad que nos piden formular el ácido sulfúrico.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">1º- -ico corresponde a número de oxidación +6</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">2º- Se colocan los elementos según fórmula del oxoácido: H S O</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">3º- Le colocamos un 2 al hidrógeno porque la valencia es par.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">4º- Conocemos que en los oxoácidos el hidrógeno actúa con +1 y el oxígeno con -2, luego realizamos el cálculo del coeficiente estequiométrico (número) que debe ir bajo el azufre para que el compuesto sea neutro (balance de carga cero). </span></span><br />
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<span style="background-color: lime;">PRACTICA:</span><span style="background-color: white;"> <a href="http://roble.pntic.mec.es/cgee0005/cidead_fyq3/3quincena8/3q8_ejercicio_resuelto_5b.htm">Formulación interactiva de oxoácidos </a>(ejemplos sencillos)</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">ACTIVIDADES</b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">11. Formula los siguientes oxoácidos: </span><span style="background-color: white;"> <b> Ácido brómico, ácido fosfórico, ácido nítrico, ácido perclórico, ácido sulfuroso, ácido hipoyodoso, ácido manganoso, ácido dicrómico, ácido metabórico y ácido selénico.</b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">12. Nombra los siguientes oxoácidos: </span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span></div>
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<b style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">13. </b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">Formula o nombra, según corresponda:</span></div>
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<b style="color: red; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">C) <u>SALES TERCIARIAS (OXOSALES)</u>:</span></b><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">A efectos de formulación, surgen de sustituir un metal en el hidrógeno del ácido.</span></div>
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<b style="background-color: red;"><span style="color: white;">FORMULACIÓN</span></b><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b>(1) <span style="background-color: yellow;">POR IONES.</span></b></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Para hacerlas eliminamos el/los hidrógeno/s obteniendo un </span><u style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">grupo cargado negativamente </u><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">(que actuará como un elemento) </span><u style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">que podremos combinar con un metal.</u></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Es decir, <b>H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>,</b> sustraemos los hidrógenos, (<b>SO<sub>4</sub></b>)<b><sup><span style="color: blue;">2-</span></sup></b> y obtenemos el <b>oxoanión,</b> un grupo que podremos combinar con un metal.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Como puedes comprobar, al oxoanión le faltarán tantas cargas como hidrógenos tenía el ácido (si el ácido tenía dos hidrógenos, el ión tiene índice negativo, 2-)</span></div>
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<i><u>Ejemplo:</u></i> Ión sultato (<b>SO<sub>4</sub></b>)<b><sup><span style="color: blue;">2- </span></sup></b>con hierro de valencia 3+ : <b>Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub style="background-color: #d9ead3;">3</sub></b><br />
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<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Cuando hay más de dos grupos de ácidos,<sup> </sup></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">el grupo se coloca entre paréntesis y el subíndice fuera </span></div>
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Se cumple: ÁCIDO + METAL forman SAL + HIDRÓGENO<br />
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<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Recuerda: TIPOS DE IONES.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">1) <b>Cationes</b> metálicos (Izquierda y centro de la tabla periódica): Se nombran con el nombre del elemento y entre paréntesis en números romano su valencia (cuando hay más de una): Catión o ion calcio, ión hierro (II), ion cromo (III), etc.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">2) <b>Aniones</b>:</span><br />
<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">- De no metales: sufijo <b>-uro</b> (recuerda los hidruros no metálicos):</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">- <b>Oxoaniones: ito/ato.</b> Ver la siguiente tabla.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Otros iones de interés son el ión óxido, el ión hidróxido, el ión peróxido, el ión amonio, el ion oxonio (hidronio), etc.</span><br />
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<b style="background-color: yellow;">TABLAS con los oxoaniones más comunes:</b><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAhOjvSGnyZ3AlNAhLYEjrZ0Gh1slcbJYUQ2Sxf2uMfyJ-ATfOcL3Fb_9z_QzsRlUlRLYy05oADEH4fjQKX3gzo-pZ8ZmT8IoEO4gn9M1Y6Dnaj6wBQlhysqEDR6RcsVyH9zzAt40fGf6V/s1600/oxoaniones+1.png" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="136" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAhOjvSGnyZ3AlNAhLYEjrZ0Gh1slcbJYUQ2Sxf2uMfyJ-ATfOcL3Fb_9z_QzsRlUlRLYy05oADEH4fjQKX3gzo-pZ8ZmT8IoEO4gn9M1Y6Dnaj6wBQlhysqEDR6RcsVyH9zzAt40fGf6V/s1600/oxoaniones+1.png" width="640" /></a><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUI62Tz6s_CbI-MzVDIboZjBjo00DV6ybUpxuwEQ4ZSXtwFgnXJKxtuaFZRL3RfoUAYS483Kqqv7YJpBeqyhMZzqJs6Kuuvbx85MvnQ-6ffrRpH_HA6AcuE8QbBrzdy2v-86XxMeMuQb_7/s1600/oxoaniones+2.png" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="332" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUI62Tz6s_CbI-MzVDIboZjBjo00DV6ybUpxuwEQ4ZSXtwFgnXJKxtuaFZRL3RfoUAYS483Kqqv7YJpBeqyhMZzqJs6Kuuvbx85MvnQ-6ffrRpH_HA6AcuE8QbBrzdy2v-86XxMeMuQb_7/s1600/oxoaniones+2.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>(<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">2)</span></b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> <b style="background-color: yellow;">SUSTITUCIÓN</b> <u>Sustituyendo el hidrógeno del ácido por el metal</u> sin olvidar de multiplicar todo el ion ( ) por la valencia del metal. </span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Ej: Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> El 3 es la valencia del hierro.</span><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Se simplifican. Así, FeSO<sub>4 </sub>es la sal que surge entre el ion sulfato y el catión hierro (II).</span><br />
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<b style="background-color: red;"><span style="color: white;">NOMENCLATURA </span></b><b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif">Nomenclatura tradicional (IUPAC)</span></b><br />
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<span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><br /></span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">- Si el ácido acaba en </span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>–oso</b></i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> en las sales ternarias utilizaremos el </span><b style="text-indent: -18pt;">sufijo <i>–ito.</i> </b></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Ej: Fe (II) con (SO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">3</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">)</span><sup style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: blue;">2-</span></sup><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> (que proviene del H</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">2</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">SO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">3</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">, ácido sulfur</span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>oso</b></i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">) </span></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">FeSO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">3</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> sulf</span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;">ito</i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> de hierro(II)</span></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><br /></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">- Si el ácido acaba en <b>–</b></span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>ico</b></i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> en las sales binarias utilizaremos el <b>sufijo -</b></span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>ato</b></i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> </span></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Ej: Fe (II) con (ClO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">3</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">)</span><sup style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="color: blue;">-</span></sup><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> (que proviene del HClO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">3</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">, ácido clór</span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;"><b>ico</b></i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">) </span></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Fe(ClO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">3</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">)</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">2</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> (clor</span><i style="text-indent: -18pt;">ato</i><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> de hierro(II))</span></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><br /></span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">- Cuando tenemos un ácido con los prefijos hipo- y per- mantenemos estos prefijos en la sal binaria. </span></span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Ej: </span><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">Ni(BrO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">4</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">)</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">2</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> perbromato de niquel(II); K</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">2</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;">TeO</span><sub style="text-indent: -18pt;">3</sub><span style="text-indent: -18pt;"> telurito de potasio</span></span><br />
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<span style="text-indent: -18pt;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-indent: -18pt;"> <span style="background-color: #d9ead3;">Actualmente, en la nomenclatura tradicional, los sufijos oso e ico no se permiten para referirnos al metal. No se dice</span></span><span style="background-color: #d9ead3;"><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-indent: -18pt;"> clorato </span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: black; text-indent: -18pt;">ferr<i>oso, sino</i></span><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="text-indent: -18pt;">, </span><i style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-indent: -18pt;"><b>clorato de hierro (II)</b></i></span></span></div>
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Al<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub></div>
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Sulfito de aluminio (III)</div>
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Dicromato de hierro (III)</div>
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif"><span style="background-color: lime;">PRACTICA:</span> <a href="http://roble.pntic.mec.es/cgee0005/cidead_fyq3/3quincena8/3q8_ejercicio_resuelto_5c.htm">Formulación interactiva oxisales</a></span><br />
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<b style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></b><b style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ACTIVIDADES </b><br />
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<span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">14.</span><b style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> </b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">Formula o nombra los siguientes iones.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: red; font-size: large;">3) COMBINACIONES CUATERNARIAS:</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><u>SALES ÁCIDAS</u>:</b></span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Se forman a partir de los ácidos oxoácidos cuando quedan hidrógenos por sustituir por el metal, es decir, no todos los hidrógenos son sustituidos. Se añade la palabra anión delante.</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- <u>Tradicional:</u> como las sales ternarias pero añadiendo el prefijo hidrógeno (o dihidrógeno).</span><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="text-decoration: underline;">Ejemplos</b><b>: </b>Primero sistemática, luego tradicional.</span><br />
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<div style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Se prefiere la nomenclatura de la forma:</span></b></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><i> (di)hidrógenoNOMETALito/ato de METAL</i><b> </b></span></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: center;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">Ej: hidrógenocarbonato de sodio, y no bicarbonato de sodio.</span></b></div>
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</b></u></span><p class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span style="color: red;"><u><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-size: large;"><u>SALES ÁCIDAS DERIVADAS DE HIDRÁCIDOS.</u></span></span></u></span></b></p><b>
</b><p class="MsoFooter" style="tab-stops: 35.4pt; text-align: justify;"><b><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Los hidrácidos que contienen dos
átomos de hidrogeno en su fórmula, pueden perder un H<sup>+</sup> y dar lugar a
la formación de un anión que contiene hidrogeno.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Estos aniones se nombran:
“hidrogeno” +nombre del elemento“-uro”.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Cuando estos aniones se combinan con
cationes metálicos, originan sales acidas y se nombran de acuerdo a las reglas
de los compuestos binarios.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 11pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;"> </span></p>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoNormalTable" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-insideh: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-border-insidev: .5pt solid windowtext; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;">
<tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;">
<td style="background: rgb(218, 238, 243); border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.3pt;" valign="top" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">Fórmula</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(218, 238, 243); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">anión</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(218, 238, 243); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">nombre anión</span></p>
</td>
<td style="background: rgb(218, 238, 243); border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.15pt;" valign="top" width="206">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">nombre sal ácida</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 1;">
<td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.3pt;" valign="top" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">KHS</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HS<sup>-</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">hidrogeno sulfuro</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.15pt;" valign="top" width="206">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">hidrogeno sulfuro de potasio</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 2;">
<td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.3pt;" valign="top" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">NH<sub>4</sub>HS</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HS<sup>-</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">hidrogeno sulfuro</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.15pt;" valign="top" width="206">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">hidrogeno sulfuro de amonio</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 3;">
<td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.3pt;" valign="top" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Ca(HSe)<sub>2</sub></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HSe<sup>-</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">hidrogeno seleniuro</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.15pt;" valign="top" width="206">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">hidrogeno seleniuro de calcio</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr style="mso-yfti-irow: 4; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;">
<td style="background: rgb(255, 255, 204); border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 76.3pt;" valign="top" width="102">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">Cu(HTe)<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 77.95pt;" valign="top" width="104">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">HTe<sup>-</sup></span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 127.6pt;" valign="top" width="170">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;">hidrogeno telururo</span></p>
</td>
<td style="border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 154.15pt;" valign="top" width="206">
<p align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="mso-layout-grid-align: none; text-align: center; text-autospace: none;"><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT;">hidrogenotelururo
de cobre(II)</span><span face=""Arial","sans-serif"" lang="PT-BR" style="font-size: 9pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
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</div>
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<b style="background-color: #9fc5e8; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ACTIVIDAD 15. </b><span face=""arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #9fc5e8;">FORMULA O NOMBRA DE TODAS LAS FORMAS POSIBLES:</span><br />
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<div style="text-align: left;"><b><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">Fe de erratas: </span></b></div></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">- Potásico: de potasio. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: small;">-Sodio no tiene tilde, ni bario. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-size: small;">- Estano es estaño.</span><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">
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<span face=""helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif" style="color: white; font-size: large;"><b style="background-color: red;">AUTOEVALUACIÓN</b></span><br /></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><b style="background-color: lime; font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">PRACTICA</b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="font-size: x-large;"> con la formulación interactiva: </span><a href="http://roble.pntic.mec.es/~amud0002/FORMULACIONINORGANICA/INDICE.htm" style="font-size: x-large; text-align: justify;" target="_blank">AQUÍ</a></div><span style="font-size: large;">
<br /></span>OJO: Los oxoácios y las oxosales nombrar solamente por la tradicional.<br />
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<b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="background-color: #93c47d; font-size: large;"><br /></span></b><div style="text-align: justify;"><b style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: xx-large;">REFUERZO:</b></div>
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<span style="background-color: white;"><b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Errores comunes al formular:</span></b></span><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3844848480335503051" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">La mayoría de los errores corresponden a:</span></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">No saber los símbolos que corresponden a cada elemento</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Utilizar mal los prefijos, sufijos y las raíces de los nombres de los elementos</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Utilizar mal las valencias</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Poner a la izquierda el elemento que tiene que ir a la derecha, y viceversa</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Escribir con mayúscula el nombre del elemento: Sería incorrecto escribir óxido de <span style="background-color: yellow;">H</span>ierro (II). Lo correcto sería: Óxido de hierro (II).</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Más sobre los</span><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;"> </b><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">símbolos de los elementos químicos</b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">:</span></li>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- E</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">l símbolo de muchos elementos proviene de su nombre en latín, no de su nombre castellano. Así, es un error común que al hierro (cuyo símbolo es </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Fe</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">, del latín </span><i style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">ferrum</i><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">) se le asigne el símbolo </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">H</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> (que corresponde al hidrógeno), o incluso </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Hi</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"> (que ni siquiera es un símbolo químico).</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Los elementos que suelen confundirse son: Fósforo (P), flúor (F), sodio (Na), azufre (S), cobre (Cu), mercurio (Hg), plata (Ag), oro (Au), potasio (K), magnesio (Mg) y manganeso (Mn), antimonio (Sb),...</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Otro error común en formulación es escribir CL (por cloro), CO (por cobalto) o MG (por magnesio); en lugar de </span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Cl, Co y Mg</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">. Cuando un símbolo tiene una sola letra (como </span><b style="font-family: "Trebuchet MS", sans-serif;">H</b><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">), ésta se escribe en mayúscula. Si el símbolo tiene dos o más letras, la primera es mayúscula, y las demás minúsculas. De esta manera, distinguiremos en una fórmula carbono (C) y oxígeno (O) de cobalto (Co):</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">H<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> = aćido carbónico</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">CoH<sub>2</sub> = hidruro de cobalto (II)</span><br />
<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">- Hay que vigilar las r</span><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">aíces de los nombres de los elementos:</span></div>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Algunos elementos cambian la raíz de su nombre para adaptarles un sufijo (y a veces, un prefijo). lo cual suele ser fuente de errores. Como ejemplos clásicos tenemos el "ácido azúfrico" (en vez de sulfúrico) o el "óxido plomoso" (en lugar de plumboso). Los elementos más importantes a los que hay que cambiar su raíz para nombrar sus compuestos son (ejemplo entre paréntesis):</span></div>
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<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Azufre: sulfur- (sulfuroso) o sulf- (sulfhídrico)</span></li>
<li style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">En la "antigua" nomenclatura tradicional (ya no permitida en óxidos, hidruros, sales): Hierro: ferr- (ferroso, férrico); Oro: aur- (aúrico); Plata: argent- (argéntico); Plomo: plumb- (plúmbico), Estaño: estánn- (estánnico); Cobre: cupr- (cúprico).</span></li>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3844848480335503051" style="clear: right; float: right; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"></a><br />
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><b style="background-color: #b6d7a8;">IMPORTANTE: </b><b><span style="background-color: #b6d7a8;">Un enlace para practicar</span><span style="background-color: white;"> </span><a href="http://www.iescarrus.com/quimica/tablaValencias4ESO.swf" style="background-color: white;">la tabla periódica y las valencias</a></b></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;"><b style="background-color: red; color: white; font-size: xx-large; text-align: justify;">BIBLIOGRAFÍA:</b></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">Para saber más:</span></span></div>
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<div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><a href="http://www.ehu.eus/proman/documents/20061127NomenclaturaQICap1-7Pdf.pdf">Libro IUPAC nomenclatura 2005</a><br /></span>
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<span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif">-</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b style="background-color: red;">VIDEOS RECOMENDADOS:</b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif" style="color: white; font-size: x-large;"><b style="background-color: red;"><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/lBCHQugsl2E" width="320" youtube-src-id="lBCHQugsl2E"></iframe></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/wkqoQjpxAUk" width="320" youtube-src-id="wkqoQjpxAUk"></iframe></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span></div><span><div style="text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;">... Y MUCHOS MÁS VÍDEOS EN LA<a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2ymBr8LYSs&list=PLzF_b7Lq9k-80lqvTNk0VpQk_xkqU3xkO" target="_blank"> LISTA DE REPRODUCCIÓN</a>.</span></b></div></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><span face=""trebuchet ms" , sans-serif"><br /></span></div>
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Miguel Ángel Muñozhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03551864325887135481noreply@blogger.com0